Term
|
Definition
- Staphylococci - mostly skin infections
- Streptococci/pneumococci
- Enterococcus |
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Term
|
Definition
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
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Term
|
Definition
- Gram-positive cocci
- grow in irregular clusters
- golden yellow pigment on solid media
- for aureus, alpha hemolysins, coagulase positive
- SSTIS soft tissue most common
- deep organ in immunosuppressed |
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Term
|
Definition
| gram positive cocci w/ alpha hemolytics and coagulase positive, clusters |
|
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Term
|
Definition
gram positive cocci w/ alpha hem and clusters
COAGULASE NEGATIVE |
|
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Term
| Staph disease - abscess formation |
|
Definition
- usually SOFT TISSUE
- immunosuppressed have deep organ disease
- pyoderma, furunculosios, carbuncles, deep abscess formation
- endocarditis
- pneumonia in debilitated and immunosuppressed patients, superinfection above influenza |
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Term
|
Definition
| superficial pyogenic infection |
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Term
|
Definition
| a little deeper - purulence surrounding hair follicles ext to SQ |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Staph disease by toxigenic production |
|
Definition
- Food poisoning - ingestion of enterotoxins
- toxic shock syndrome - production of exfoliatin
- Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis - skin denuded and bullous (scalded baby) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
- streptococcus pyogenes
- agalactiae
- faecalis
- viridans
- pneumoniae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Gram-positive in CHAINS (Pyogenes)
- USUALLY UPPER AIRWAY
- indigenous flora of oropharynx and GI
- turns the medium green (sheep blood agar alpha hemolysis) |
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Term
|
Definition
| - Gram-positive cocci IN CHAINS (long or short) |
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Term
|
Definition
- appears in PAIRS, ovoid or lancet-shaped
- clear area surrounding the pairs = large polysaccharide capsule (antiphagocytic) |
|
|
Term
| Streptococcus hemolytic activities |
|
Definition
- Alpha hemolysis on sheep blood agar (incomplete destruction of RBC) resulting green coloration of medium
- e.g. Strep pneumoniae
- Beta hemolytic complete lysis of RBCs |
|
|
Term
| Streptococci pathogenesis |
|
Definition
- Production of extracellular virulence factors and nonsuppurative sequelae
- M protein, Stretolysin O and S, pyrogenic toxin, streptokinase |
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Term
|
Definition
- Rheumatic fever from URTI - mitral regurge from vegetations on valve
- acute glomerulonephritis
- migratory arthritis |
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Term
|
Definition
- spread by droplets from URT
- cause of pharyngitis and tonsillitis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
- Enterococcus
- Strep faecalis
- Strep faecium (the enterococci)
- VRE UTI
- usually lower body like UTI
- once u find it in the blood culture, know that something is happening in the GI tract
- ex. guy who had colon cancer and had colonoscopy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Does not belong in ABCD groups
- in pairs or short chains
- naturally found in mouth and pharynx
- dental caries
- BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS
- all can cause SSTIs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- strep viridans
- usually people who do drugs
- case: unknown spiking fever, lots of shooting up the arms, big time murmur, culture the blood |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- >80% of all bacterial pneumonia
- most infections caused by 23 types
- spread by droplet
- major pathogens for meningitis
- pairs, ovoid or lancet-shaped
- principal antigenic component is the polysaccharide capsule (antigenic typing is based on chemical variations)
- injection into humans produces protective antibodies |
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|
Term
|
Definition
- BACILLI AND CLOSTRIDIA
- SPORE FORMING - resistant to heat and chemicals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
- food poisoning
- fried rice
- immunosuppression (ex. organ transplant) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
- gram-positive rod
- C. perfringes - found in colon 25-35%
- found in soil, water, sewage
- GAS PRODUCING BACTERIA
- Gangrene
- Food poisoning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Clostridia
- contamination of wound
- necrosis and production of foul-smelling gas
- call a surgeon
- GAS PRODUCING BACTERIA - press on it to listen for crepitus |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
- Tetanus!
- Lockjaw, neurotoxic agent of exotin, tetanospasmin
- immunity by tetanus toxoid
- soil and feces of GI tract
LABS: STOOL CULTURE |
|
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Term
|
Definition
- MOST POTENT POISON KNOWN
- Botulism - FATAL form of food poisoning
- ingestion of neurotoxin in food
- wound botulism
- ingestion to paralysis < 24 hours |
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Term
| What is the most potent poison known? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
- antibiotic-induced pseudomembranous colitis overgrows intestine and secrete exotoxins during broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy
- fluoroquinolones, clinda, PCN, cephalosporins
- white plaques of polyps, necrotic debris
- ex. pt on broad-spectrum abc, diarrhea day 4 or 5 in hospital |
|
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Term
| Most common cases of hospital acquired infection? (3) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| C. Diff - risk factors, sx |
|
Definition
- risk factors: hospitalization and nursing home patients, recent antibiotics, age, severe illness
- Sx: Abdominal pain, Diarrhea, fever, ileus, dehydration, MEGA COLON |
|
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Term
|
Definition
- stool culture (GOLD standard)
- PCR
- EIA for toxins A, B
- colonoscopy
- xray
*test only when pt has sx |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Metronidazole> Vancomycin> Fidaxomycin, Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)
- BOWEL REST |
|
|
Term
| C. diff - if negative stool culture, but positive sx? |
|
Definition
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