Term
| Non-sporulating firmicutes |
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Definition
| Key genera: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Lactobacillus, Listeria |
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Term
| Characteristics of Staphylococcus and Micrococcus |
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Definition
Aerobic, cocci
Resistant to reduced water potential
Tolerate high salt
Many species are pigmented |
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Term
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Definition
Catalase positive; facultative anaerobes
S. epidermidis
-- non-pathogenic normal flora of the skin
-- coagulase negative
Staphylococcus aureus
--opportunistic pathogen
--coagulase positive
--MRSA |
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Term
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Definition
| Non-pathogenic normal flora of the skin |
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Term
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Definition
Homofermentative
Catalase negative; facultative anaerobes
Play important roles in production of buttermilk, silage, and other products
Some species are pathogenic |
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Term
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Definition
Rod-shaped
Common in dairy products
Resistant to acidic conditions
- Grow in pH as low as 4 |
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Term
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Definition
Gram-positive coccobacilli
Form chains 3-5 cells long
Require full oxic or microoxic conditions for growth |
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Term
| Different Streptococcus strains |
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Definition
S. pyogtenes (GAS)
S. agalactiae (GBS)
S. pneumoniae
S. mutans |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Endospore-forming Firmicutes |
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Definition
Key genera: Bacillus, Clostridium
- distinguished on the basis of cell morphology, and the shape and cellular position of endospore
Generally found in soils
Spore formation
-survival mechanism |
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Term
| Bacillus (endospore-forming firmicutes) |
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Definition
Facultative anaerobes
Central endospores
Many bacilli produce antibiotics
B. anthracis - disease of cattle, speticemia, lungs
B. thuringensis - biological control, kills insects, larvae or adults |
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Term
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Definition
Obligate anaerobes
Terminal endospores
Mainly found in anaerobic pockets in the soil
- also live in mammalian intestinal tract
Some are pathogenic; botulism, tetanus, and gangrene |
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Term
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Definition
Pleomorphic, rod-shaped organisms, acid fast
Mycolic acid
Slow growing
Mycobacteria form tight, compact, wrinkled colonies
Cord factor |
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Term
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Definition
Corynebacterium
Propionibacteria |
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Term
| Corynebacterium (Actinobacteria) |
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Definition
Gram-positive, aerobic, nonmotile, rod-shaped
Form club-shaped, irregular-shaped, or V-shaped cell arrangements
Extremely diverse |
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Term
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Definition
First discovered in Swiss cheese
Gram-positive anaerobes
Have metabolic strategy called secondary fermentation
- obtain energy from fermentation products produced by other bacteria |
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Term
| Filamentous Actinobacteria |
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Definition
Produce mycelium
Primary soil microorganisms
Strict aerobes |
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Term
| Streptomyces (Filamentous Actinobacteria) |
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Definition
Over 500 species
50% of all isolated Streptomyces produce antibiotics
- over 500 distinct antibiotics
Large genomes (8 Mbp and larger) |
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Term
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Definition
Obligately parasitic with poor metabolic capacities
- rely on host cell
C. trachomatis
- STD
- blindness
C. pneumonia
- atypical pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
Mycoplasma
- pleomorphic
Lack cell walls
- key components of peptidoglycan are missing
Parasitic that inhabit animal and plant hosts
Growth
- media for the culture of mycoplasmas are typically quite complex
- mycoplasma colonies: "fried egg" appearance |
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Term
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Definition
Obligately anaerobic
Human intestinal tract
Synthesize sphingolipids |
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Term
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Definition
Found primarily in aquatic environments
Aerobic, nutritionally restricted, frequently yellow-pigmented |
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Term
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Definition
Gram-negative, motile, and coiled
Widespread in aquatic environments and in animals
Have endoflagella: located in the periplasm of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
Treponema pallidum
Borrelia
Leptospira and Leptonema |
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Term
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Definition
STD - syphilis
Not culturable |
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Term
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Definition
Majority are human or animal pathogens
Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of Lyme disease
- tick transmission |
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Term
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Definition
Strictly anaerobic spirochetes
Rodents are the natural host of Leptospira
Cause of leptospirosis in humans |
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Term
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Definition
Gas vesicles are found in many cyanobacteria
- help maintain buoyancy
- keep cell in water column where there is light
heterocysts are rounded, enlarged cells
- anoxic environment insie heterocyst
- site for nitrogen fixation
nitrogenase is sensitive to oxygen
Many cyanobacteria display gliding motility |
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