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Gram Negative Cocci
Microbiology
4
Biology
Graduate
09/13/2008
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Properties of Neisseria bugs

Definition

 

 

Cultured on chocolate agar

oxidase positive

IgA protease

Term

 

 

 

Neisseria meningitidis

Definition
Diseases: Meningitis
                Meningococcemia
Characteristics:
  •  Kidney bean shape
  • Oxidase positive
  • Polysaccharide Capsule - Antiphagocytic
  • LPS
Habitat & Transmission:
Upper respiratory tract, bloodstream -> meninges.
Transmission through respiratory droplets
 
Pathogenesis:
LPS -> shock
IgA protease.
Deficiency in C6-9 predisposes to N. menigitidis infection
 
Lab Dx:
Gram neg. oxidase +, Ferments Maltose (gonococci do not),
Tx:
Penicillin G
 
Prevention:
Vaccine to A, C, Y, and W-135 strains. Conjugated vaccine.  Rifampin or ciprofloxacin to people in contact.
 
Keys: Meningitidis / Maltose +
Term

 

 

 

Neisseria gonorhoeae

Definition
Disease: gonorrhea, neonatal conjunctivitis, PID
Characteristics:
  • gram neg
  • "kidney bean"
  •  oxidase +
  • No Capsule
  • LOS (less potent form of LPS)
 Habitat and Transmission:
Genital tract. Sexual transmission, transmission to neonates at birth
Pathogenesis:
Invades mucous membranes.Weaker endotoxin (LOS). Pili and IgA protease are virulence factors.
Lab Dx:
  • gram neg and culture
  • presence in urethral exudate
  • oxidase +
  • no maltose fermentation
 Tx: 3rd generation cephalosporin or  fluoroquinolone. Ceftriaxone for uncomplicated. Tetracycline to combat Chlamydia trachomatis.
Resistance to penicillin in plasmid genes.
 
Prevention:
 NO VACCINE.  Condoms.  Treat neonates with erythromycin ointment.
Term

 

 

 

Moraxella catarrhalis

Definition
Diseases: Otitis media and sinusitis primarily in children. Also bronchitis and pneumonia in older people with COPD
Characteristics: gram neg rod/cocci
Transmission:  respiratory aerosol
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