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| how you perceive things with your senses |
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| to understand new information and behaviors |
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| to perceive voices and images that aren't real |
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an extreme/unusual or irrational fear of or aversion to something.
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psyhologists who specialize in treating and diagnosing disorders such as schizophrenia and phobias. They help patients who are hurting or are troubled due to psychological disorders (deal with problems of the mind) |
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| psychologists who study how the average healthy mind processes information |
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| medical doctors trained to specialize in mental illness |
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| a person trained in the use of psychological methods for helpingpatients overcome psychological problems. Examples include clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, social words, and counselors. |
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| normal brain functioning gone wrong |
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| a doctors interpretation of the nature and cause of a patient's illness. (What is going wrong and why) |
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| Psychologist that conducted an experiment that showed how difficult it is to come up with a reliable scientific system of diagnosing mental illness. |
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| Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) |
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Definition
| a diagnostic tool that uses a system of five axes, or categories of things for the therapist to consider when making a comprehensive diagnosis. Contains NO recommendation for treatment |
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| Axis of the DSM that includes clinical disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, anorexia, schizophrenia, and developmental learning disorders (ADHD, Autism, Substance Abuse) |
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| Axis of the DSM that includes Intellectual Disabilities & Personality Disorders such as Paranoid Personality Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder, and Narcissistic Personality Disorder |
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| Axis of the DSM that includes acute medical conditions & physical disorders |
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| Axis of the DSM where therapists can note social and environmental factors that contribute to the person's overall mental health. These could be things like negative life events, stressful family relationships orinadequate social support. |
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| Axis of the DSM known as the Global Assessment of Functioning. Therapists use this assessment to judge how well a patient carries out the activities of daily living on a scale from 0-100. This completes the patient's psychological profile. |
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| an event or stimuli that causes/elicits responses such as fear, anger, anxiety, hate, and sadness. |
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| a disruptive condition that can interfere with functioning in daily life. |
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| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) |
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Definition
| affects approximately 3% of American adults and is characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that is disproportionate to circumstances. May also cause fatgue, headache, nausea, trembling, and insomnia |
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| part of the brain that processes fear that has been associated with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) |
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| Unusual fears such as arachnophobia (fear of spiders) and triskaidekaphobia (fear of the number 13) |
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| anxiety that is produced by having to interact with other people |
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| the fear in general of social interactions. Examples: Feeling nervous before going to a party where you might not know everybody |
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| social anxiety that is set off only by particular situations. Example: Someone with paruresis (someone that experiences dibilitating anxiety when using public restrooms) |
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| Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) |
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| "the neat freak's disease" - characterized by intrusive ideas and thoughts that a person just can't stop thinking about (leaving the iron on at home) and behaviors used to cope with anxiety (tapping the door knob seven times before you leave the house) |
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| neutransmitter present at abnormal levels in the brain with people with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder |
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| a mood disorder that affects 8-12% of people at some point during their lives |
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| experiencing major depression and other symptoms (changes in sleep patterns, changes in eating patterns, lost interest, feelings of worthlessness) for a duration of longer than two weeks. This is set off by traumatizing events such as a loss of a job or a loved one |
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| serotonin and norepinephrine |
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Definition
| low levels of these two neuotransmitters have been observed in patients who are depressed |
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| milder more long lasting form of depression |
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| this makes people experience both poles of the mood spectrum (depressive (sadness, anger) end and the manic (high energy) end) |
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- feeling of being high
- decreased need for sleep
- inflated self esteem
- fast speech
- general agitation
- sometimes psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and/or delusions
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| Type of bipolar disorder in which the person is experiencing and hanging out at both poles/sides of the mood spectrum |
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| Bipolar disorder in which the person is hanging out in the middle of the mood spectrum but still cycles between the depression and manic sides/poles |
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| The least extreme form of bipolar disorder - the person hanging out in the middle of the mood spectrum |
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- disorders that cause disturbances in consciousness, memory, identity, perception
- condition in which the mind splits itself into more than one piece
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| the mind basically loses track of the part of itself that stores important personal information. Patients cannot recognize that the lost information is missing. |
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- Literal meaning "Moving backward"
- when a patient forgets their past up to a certain point but is able to form new memories. This kind of patient will be able to start a new life as a new person.
- Plays an important role in the movie The Borune Identity
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- literal meaning "forward moving"
- patients cannot form new memories but do remember everything that happens before amnesia sets in
- Example: Drew Barrymore's character in 50 First Dates
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| Dissociative Fugue (Fugue State) |
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| When a patient completely forgets their personal identity but only temporarily. Ex) Patients will wander around, and potentially may go look for a new job. Set off by environmental stressors |
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| Split/Multiple Personalities |
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Definition
- formally known as dissociative identity disorder. Patients report that experiences undertaken under one personality are not remembered by the other.
- Thought be caused by trauma during childhood (physical/sexual abuse), stress, insufficient nurturing
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| patients experience symptoms severe enough to often be mistake by other physical disorders for example - severe pain or paralysis |
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- somatoform disorder with symptoms that first seem neurological - weakness, paralysis, impaired speech, seizures, tremors, difficulty walking
- very difficult to diagnose and treat
- in order to diagnose doctors must first eliminate things such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy
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| somatoform disorder characterized by debilitating pain that does not have a physical cause |
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| condition in which people assume the worst about a mild aliment |
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| a person that worries that a symptom they experience is the presence of a serious illness |
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| substance related disorder |
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Definition
| a condition where a patient has a problem with a drug(s) and/or alcohol |
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| a maladaptive pattern of use |
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| using substances despite negative consequences and dangerous situation and being unable to quit |
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| substance dependence's phsyical and psychological symptoms when trying to quit (headache, hangover, methadone) |
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| a drug given to heroin addicts to help them with their withdrawal symptoms |
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| high levels of this neurotransmitters in the brain can lead a patient to be more prone to addiction |
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| a psychotic disorder characterized by patients who lose touch with reality |
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- symptoms that are "more" than what a normal person experiences
- With schizophrenia these include delusions, disordered thought or speech
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| symptoms that make a patient's experience "less" than other people (ex: blunted affect) |
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| emotions that don't seem to run the full range |
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| the inability to experience any pleasure |
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| when patients stop speaking entirely |
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| patients entirely unresponsive to the world around them |
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| schizophrenia type that is haracterized by mainly positive symptoms: the hallucinations and delusions tend to be persecutory, where the patient feels that he is very important and people are out to get him. This type tends to have a later onset than others, and a better outlook in terms of maintaining normal life activities. |
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| type of schizophrenia that is largely dominated by negative symptoms; positive symptom disordered thought and speech accompanied by negative symptoms emotional flatness, anhedonia, and lack of motivation. |
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| type of schizophrenia that has patients either entirely immobile, or in motion with no purposes. These patients sometimes exhibit waxy flexibility, which means they will not resist their arms or legs being moved, and will then remain in whatever position they're placed indefinitely. |
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| patients with schizophrenia who have symptoms of schizophrenia, but can't be classified into any of the other types. |
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| schizophrenia patients have positive symptoms, but at a very low intensity. |
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| Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) |
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Definition
| a preoccupation with the body's faults |
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| condition in which patients take extreme measure to reduce weight |
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| condition to severely restrict calorie intake to reduce weight |
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| patients who eat lots of food and attempt to rid themselves of the calories by binging and purging |
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| These are problems with patterns of behavior and interpretations of experience that are stable, but different than how most people think and act. |
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| boderline pesonality disorder |
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Definition
| often engages in black-and-white thinking, or splitting. Everything is either all-good or all-bad, and patients swing wildly between the two. As a result, many relationships with other people tend to be unstable. |
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| histrionic personality disorder |
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Definition
| which leads people to exhibit attention-seeking behavior |
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| narcissistic personality disorder |
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Definition
| people that have an inflated sense of her self-worth and little regard for the feelings of others. |
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| schizoid personality disorder |
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Definition
| personality disorder that makes people socially withdrawn, cold and indifferent. |
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| antisocial personality disorder |
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Definition
| happy to lie and cheat to win a positive outcome for themselves. Violence against animals and friends during childhood is one marker for the disorder. Lack of empathy (formally known as psychopaths) |
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