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| The institutions and processes through which public policies are made for a society. |
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| National governments around the world perform the following functions: |
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1. Maintain a national defense
2. Provide public service
3. Preserve order
4. Socialize the young
5. Collect taxes |
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| The process that determines who we select as our governmental leaders and what policies these leaders pursue. It produces authoritative decisions about public issues. |
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| The process by which policy comes into being and evolves over time. |
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The political channels through which people's concerns become political issues on the policy agenda.
Examples: elections, political parties, interest groups, and the media |
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| The issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other people actually involved in politics at any given time. |
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| an issue that arises when people disagree about a problem and how to fix it. |
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| policy-making institutions |
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| The branches of government charged with taking action on political issues. The U.S. constitution established these branches- the Congress, the presidency, and the courts. Today the bureaucracy is considered a fourth one by most political scientists. |
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| A choice that government makes in response to a political issue. It is a course of action taken with regard to some problem. |
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| A system of selecting policymakers and of organizing government so that policy represents and responds to the public's preferences. |
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The ideal democratic process should satisfy the following five criteria:
(Traditional Democratic Theory) |
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1. Equality in voting
2. Effective participation
3. Enlightened understanding
4. Citizen control of agenda
5. Inclusion |
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| A fundamental principle of traditional democratic theory. In a democracy, choosing among alternatives requires that the majority's desire be respected. |
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| A principle of traditional democratic theory that guarantees rights to those who do not belong to majorities and allows that they might join majorities through persuasion and reasoned argument. |
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| A basic principle of traditional democratic theory that describes the relationship between the few leaders and the many followers. |
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| A theory of government and politics emphasizing that politics is mainly a competition among groups, each one pressing for its own preferred policies. |
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| A theory of government and politics contending that societies are divided along class lines and that an upper-class elite will rule, regardless of the formal niceties of governmental organization. |
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| A theory of government and politics contending that groups are so strong that government is weakened. Is is an extreme, exaggerated, or perverted form of pluralism. |
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1. Increased Technical Expertise
2. Limited Participation in Government
3. Escalating Campaign Costs
4. Diverse Political Interests |
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| A condition that occurs when no coalition is strong enough to form a majority and establish policy . The result is that nothing may get done. |
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| An overall set of values widely shared within a society. Liberty, Egalitarianism, Individualism, Laissez-faire, and Populism. |
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| Many American's view that they would prefer to fight to the bitter end than submit to the oppression of communist rule. Living in freedom |
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| equality of opportunity and respect in the absence of a monarchy and aristocracy. Everyone has a chance to be rich--not that everyone will be rich. Political equality--equal voting rights for all citizens. |
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| the belief that people can and should get ahead on their own. |
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| promotes free markets and limited government. |
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| political philosophy supporting the rights of average citizens in their struggle against privileged elites. |
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| The sum total of the value of all the goods and services produced in a nation. |
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