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| The idea that the majority prevails not only in elections but also in policy determination. |
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| Decisions by government to pursue particular courses of action. |
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| The two primary sources of political conflict are |
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| scarce resources and competing values |
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Term
| Which of the following statements provides the most accurate description of democracy as practiced in the United States? |
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Definition
a. The people directly govern themselves.
b. Elitist institutions area absent from the American government.
c. The power of the people to make and enforce laws is checked by nothing except the will of the people.
D. The people govern through elected representatives.
e. The will of the majority always prevails. |
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| What form of government has no limits on its power? |
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| Pluralists such as ______ argue that it is the preference of the special interest that largely determines what government does. |
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| More than ____ of Americans have a college degree--the world's highest rate? |
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| Virginia (large state) Plan |
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| A constitutional proposal for a strong Congress with two chambers, both of which would be based on numerical representation, thus granting more power to the larger states. |
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| New Jersey (small state) Plan |
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| A constitutional proposal for a strengthened Congress but one in which each state would have a single vote, thus granting a small state the same legislative power as a large state. |
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| A compromise worked out at the 1787 convention between northern states ans southern states. Each slave was to be counted as three-fifths of a person for purposes of federal taxation and congressional apportionment (number of seats in the House of Representative). |
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| What was the significance of Shays's Rebellion? |
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| It demonstrated that Congress was weak and unable to respond to crises in an effective manner. |
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| The Senate was initially designed to |
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Definition
a. allow for a purer form of self-government in the national legislature.
b. check the power of the judiciary.
c. allow states legislative power based on their populations.
D. be less responsive to popular pressure.
e. protect the interests of wealthier Americans. |
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Term
| In Federalist No. 10, James Madison warned against the dangers of |
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Definition
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| enumerated (expressed) powers |
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Definition
| The seventeen powers granted to the national government under Article I, Section 8 of the constitution. These powers include taxation and the regulation of commerce as well as the authority to provide for the national defense. |
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| "necessary and proper" (elastic) clause |
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| The authority granted Congress in Article I, Section 8 of the constitution "to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper" for the implementation of its enumerated powers. |
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| Federal grants-in-aid that permit state and local officials to decide how the money will be spent within a general area, such as education of health. |
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| _____ initially proposed that Congress charter a national bank. |
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| In Plessy v. Ferguson (1869), the Supreme Court justices created |
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Definition
a. modern free speech doctrine.
b. the doctrine of fiscal federalism.
c. the doctrine of dual federalism.
D. the "separate but equal" standard.
e. the doctrine of implied powers. |
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| All of the following nations have a unitary or modified unitary form of government EXCEPT |
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A. Canada
b. France.
c. Great Britain.
d. Japan.
e. Sweden. |
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| During the six years under the Articles of Confederation, |
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| Congress could not tax or conscript citizen. |
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Term
| clear-and-present danger test |
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| A test devised by the Supreme Court in 1919 in order to define the limits of free speech in the context of national security. According to the test, government cannot abridge political expression unless it presents a clear and present danger to the nation's security. |
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| publication of material that falsely damages a person's reputation. |
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| spoken works that falsely damage a person's reputation. |
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| The Bill of Rights was enacted in _____. |
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| In 1925, the Supreme Court justices first ruled that the Fourteenth amendment applied to the states in |
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A. Gitlow v. New York
b. New York Times Co. v. United States
c. Texas v. Johnson
d. Roth v. United States
e. New York Times Co. v. Sullian |
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| The ____ Amendment prohibits "cruel and unusual punishment." |
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| A clause f the Fourteenth Amendment that forbids any state to deny equal protection of the laws to any individual within its jurisdiction. |
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| Refers to programs designed to enure that women, minorities, and other traditionally disadvantaged groups have full and equal opportunities in employment, education, and other areas of life. |
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| Roughly_____percent of black children live below the government-defined poverty line. |
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| The strict scrutiny test applies to |
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| In 2004, which state instituted same-sex marriage? |
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Definition
a. Vermont
b. Rhode Island
c. New York
d. California
E. None of these answers are correct. |
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