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governmental actions that attempt to ensure that liberty is extended to everyone
1. Freedom from discrimination
2. Right to vote
3. Right of association |
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protects individuals freedoms from government
1. Free speech
2. Free worship
3. Fair trial |
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intended to protect the religious diversities of the states from power of the gov't
not intended to make the Gov't an enemy or rival of religion |
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| forbade teacher-led prayers in schools |
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| state statutes effecting religion must pass a 3 part test (Lemon test) |
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| Reynolds v. United States (1879) |
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upheld the laws that polygomy is wrong
not a protected freedom of religious practice |
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| speech intended to overthrow the gov't |
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"clear and present danger test"
speech must incite violence NOT just endorse it |
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| attempts to undermined gov't authority |
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| New York Times v. Sullivan |
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| attacks on Public Officials are constitutional unless made w/ reckless regard to truth |
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| New York Times v. United States |
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| R. Nixons defense dept. wanted to ban publication of papers saying it would be a threat to National Security |
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abandon in 1967
rating system |
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heavily monitored
watched by gov't regulations |
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| expression of ideas through actions instead of words |
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flag burning is symbolic speech
protected- national uproar- illegal |
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| a legal search where a crime is committed or about to be |
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search warrant needed if owner gives consent
building is abandoned
evidence is about to be destroyed |
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exclusionary rule
evidence taken illegally is not allowed in court |
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| evidence taken illegally is not allowed in court |
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| purpose of exclusionary rule |
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| to keep police from making illegal searches (but criminals can escape punishment) |
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| tried 2x for same crime in same court |
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protects from self-incrimination
(rights of the accused) |
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| ensures right of a jury trial (unless u wave it) |
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threw out all state mandates for death penalty- too vague and inconsistent
increased # of American executions
states got around by having manditory death penalty |
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| laws that operate and apply punishment retroactively (for things that happened before) |
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| pre election registration is not the case in all states |
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| brown v. board of education of topeka |
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| against segregation in schools |
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a) business' could no longer discriminate against race
b) created the EEOC (equal employment opportunity commission)
c) in conjunction w/ brown decision |
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| Civil Rights Act of 1964 a) |
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| business' could no longer discriminate against race |
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| Civil Rights Act of 1964 b) |
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| created the EEOC (equal employment opportunity comission) |
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| Civil Rights Act of 1964 c) |
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| in conjunction w/ brown decision |
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| courts first applied 14th am. to a state law resticting free speech |
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