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| Declaration of independence |
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| Declared our indepence from Gret Britian (by Thomas Jefferson) |
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| people can select a leader/ruler for certain purposes but they can resist or remove them if they do not do their job |
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| elected representatives govern (no monarchy) |
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| loose assosiation of independent states that agree to coorporate on specific matters |
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| Articles of confederation |
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a compact between the first 13 states (first gov)
[gave central gov no power to tax) |
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seperated gov into 3 branches and also made the legislative bicameral(erected in 1787)
[also allowed the national legislature to nullify state laws] |
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| set of 9 resolutions that would ammend the articules of confederation as opposed to getting rid of it |
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| Great compromise (conneticut comp.) |
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planned for a bicameral legislature
(states have equal representation and also its based on population) |
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| form of gov where power resids in the people and they elect representatives |
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| the division of power between a central gov and regional govs |
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| extraoridinary majorities |
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| majority rule greater than 50% +1 |
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| allows each branch to check one another |
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| powers granted to congress by the constitution (article 1) |
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| nessisary and proper clause |
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| Gives congress the means to execute its enumerated powers (basis for implied powers) |
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| those powers that congress requires in order to execute its enumerated powers |
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| power to declare gov. acts unconstitutional |
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| national laws take precedence over state and local laws when they conflict (article 6) |
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| 1st 10 ammendmentsto the constitution (prevent national government from tampering with fundamental rights and civil liberties) |
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| gave didproportionate influence in presidential elections to white men in slave states |
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| provided a rationale for pluralism/supported a strong central gov/pointed out how checks and balances would limit tyranny |
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| process when people aquire their political values |
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| position in society (based on combo of education/job/income) |
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| the implication that people choose what benifits them personally |
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| Federal communications commission (FCC) |
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Definition
independent federal agency that regulates interestate and communication by radio tv and other stuff
(also it forces a station to sell time to one canidate as the same as it would to the others) |
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| requires stations to make their facilties ok for expression of conflicting views or issues |
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| idea that tv is to blame for the low level of citizens knowledge of puplic affairs |
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| list of issues that need gov attention |
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| process of aquiring political veiws |
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| tend to be prominent with people with low education and income |
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| set of values and belifes people hold about the purpose and scope of gov |
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| more importand in the majoritiarian than the pluralist model of democracy |
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| a representative from an interest group |
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| political action committee (PAC) |
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and org. that polls campaign contributions from group members and donates funds to canidates for political office
(also a method of using money to gain access to public officals)
[most contrubutions based on pragmatic stategies] |
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attempts to influence legislator's vote though personal contact
(most common is the personal presentation of a group's position) |
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| lobbying by "rank-and-file"interest group members and would-be members |
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| an organized effort to gain public backing by bringing groups views out into public |
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| the banding together of several interst groups for the purpose of lobbying |
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| tendency of source sectors of society-ecspessially the wealthy and educated |
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| James madison believed interest groups... |
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| were natural but their effects could be controlled |
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| redistrubution of representatives among the states, based on population change (changes every 10 yrs) |
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| charges president with high crimes |
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| redrawing a congressional district to benifit a specific party |
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| temp. committee made for a certain purpose |
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| temp. committee to work out differences between the house and the senate. |
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| the presiding officer of the house of reps. |
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| head of the majority party in the senate (2nd highest ranking member of the majority party in the house) |
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| the mechanism when a filibuster is cutt off by the senate |
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| people who live and vote in a gov officals district or state |
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| a legislator who is mainly responsible to represent the majority view of his or her constituents regardless of his or her own view |
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| a system of gov in which the cheif executiveis the leader whose party holds the most seats in the legislature after an election or whose party forms a major part of the ruling coalation |
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| house and senate can both |
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| vote on declarations of war |
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| the legislative agenda is shaped by: |
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| the president/party leaders and committe chairs/new issues and events |
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| what makes more of a plurilist system? |
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| decentralization/ specialization/ congressional attention to interests of the district |
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| in the senate the greatest power is in the hands of... |
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| used in the house of reps but ont the senate______ |
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| senates tradtion of unlimited debate promotes_____________ |
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| reps who seek re-election rarely lose....its known as___ |
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| reps who seek re-election rarely lose |
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| senators seeking re-election... |
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| realize the incumbency effect is less of an advantage |
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| also known as implied powers (powers claimed by the pres) |
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| president can create/modify laws without congress knowing |
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| congress goves president more power so they can solve something |
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| when one party controls the white house while the other controls at least one house of congress |
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| some things the president can do is be: |
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| the administrative head of the union, cammander-in-chief of the military, treaty maker |
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| Article 2 gives the presedent the power to: |
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| judical ruling (serves as the basis for the ruling in a subsequent case) |
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| 3rd highest ranking offical of the us (represents the national gov b4 the supreme court) |
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| when a justice agrees with a judgement but for different reasons |
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| president carter emphasized_______ |
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| racial and political diversity |
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