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| Necessary and proper clause |
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| added by Constitutional framers so future Congresses would have authority to meet future needs |
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| principle that prohibits government from having absolute power |
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| situation created when one branch of gov't brings political process to a halt |
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| introduces Constitution by explaining its nature and purpose |
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| right to send official mail free of charge |
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| grants of money allocated by Congress to finance gov't programs |
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| group, composed of electors from each state, that elects president |
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| court's power to hear a case b4 its considered by any other court |
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| Constitutional provision that upholds the US Constitution as highest law of the nation |
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| defaming person in writing |
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| 5 instruments used to keep racial minorities from voting or to lessen their vote |
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poll taxes
grandfather clause
white primaries
literary tests
gerrymandering |
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| enacted by several states following Civil War as means of keeping poor blacks from voting |
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| those who take a broader, more creative approach to constitutional interpretation. |
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| formal introduction of amendment |
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| formal approval of amendment |
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| 2 principles that limit gov't |
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checks and balances
separation of powers |
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| power of judicial branch to review constitutionality of lwas passed by legislative branch |
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| minimum number needed to transact business |
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| journal or record of what each house of Congress does daily |
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| process by which foreign-born person gains citizenship |
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| court order forcing authority to quickly charge and try an arrested person or release him |
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| complete forgiveness of a crime and its consequent punishment |
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| court's power to decide appeals |
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| legal process of returning fugitive to state has been charged w/ crime |
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| money deposited to guarantee court appearance, allowing accused freedom while awaiting trial |
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| believe text of Constitution is important and interpretation should be kept to min. |
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| more formal means of adapting Constitution to change |
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| principle of separating powers among different branches of gov't to prevent any group or individual from gaining too much control |
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| process of bringing up pres. or other gov't officials on criminal charges |
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| division of power between national and state levels of government |
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| principle that makes people the ultimate source of gov't's authority |
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| 2 house legislative system |
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| leader elected by the Senate who serves as leader of the Senate when the vp is absent |
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| official in both houses who is responsible to bring in members who are absent and needed for a quorum |
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| automatic veto of a bill the pres leaves unsigned for ten days during a congressional adjournment |
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| bill permitting punishment w/out trial |
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| temp postponement of punishment |
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| laws passed and applied to actions that were not criminal when they were committed |
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| document requiring a person to appear in court as a witness |
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| official who is still in office but has not been reelected |
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| panel of citizens who consider the prosecution's case against the accused to determine whether there is enough evidence to go to trial |
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| case in which chief justice john marshall established principle of judicial review |
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| modern militia under control of army and air force |
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| certain legal procedures by which gov't must abide in order to protect rights of accused |
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| drawing district lines so that black districts' votes have less impact |
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| principle that keeps each branch of gov't in check through the power of another branch of gov't |
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| counting of population every 10 yrs. to determine state rep. branch |
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| allowed previous voters and relatives 2 vote v/out facing literacy test or other requirements |
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| president's power to refuse to sign bill into law |
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| believe text of Constitution is important and interpretation should be kept to min. |
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| take broader and more creative approach to Constitutional interpretation |
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| Necessary and proper clause |
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| congress has authority to meet future needs |
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| first 10 ammendments of constitution, protects citizens democratic rights by placing restrictions on state and national gov't |
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| principle of keeping each branch of gov't in check through power of another branch of gov't w/ goal of hindering concentration of power and thus protecting personal liberty |
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| house's power to file criminal charges against president/other gov't officials; senate acts as trial court for impeachment cases |
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| occurs when one branch of gov't purposely brings political process to halt |
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| power of judicial branch 2examine gov't action and nullify it if its not in agreement w/ court's constitutional interpretation |
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| chief justice marshall established principle of judicial review |
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| system in which governmental power is divided into 2 or more levels, usually central gov't and component local gov't |
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| philosophy of gov't that asserts that the people r ultimate source of gov't authority |
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introduction to constitution
states nature and purpose of constitution |
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| automatic veto of bill if pres. leaves unsigned for 10 days and congress adjourns |
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| process by which foreign-born person gains citizenship |
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| pres. power to grant temp postponement of punishment |
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| pres. power to give complete forgiveness of crime and punishment |
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| defaming person in writing |
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| redrawing of district boundaries to favor particular party/group of people |
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| elected official still in office but not reelected |
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Suggests legislation
vetoes bills
calls special sessions |
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Impeaches judges
establishes lower federal courts
regulates types of appeals
determines number of supreme court judges |
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interprets treaties
rules on constitutionality of executive actions |
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appoints judges
grants pardons |
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Determines Constitutionality of laws
interprets laws and treaties |
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Overrides vetoes
impeaches and removes officials including pres.
approves or rejects treaties and pres. appointees |
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| power given to pres to reject bill |
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| ability to charge pres. and federal judges w misconduct in office |
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| one branch PURPOSELY bringing one process to a halt |
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| established principle of judicial review |
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| Six Basic Principles of Constitution |
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limited Gov't
Seperation of Powers
Checks and Balances
Judicial Review
Federalism
Popular Sovereignty |
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pres pockets bill
doesn't formally veto it
if congress adjours in 10 days it's vetoed automatically |
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| stretches rules for congress (necessary and proper clause) |
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| money set aside for certain purpose |
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| temp postponement of punishment |
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| complete forgiveness of crime and punishment |
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| general pardon to a group |
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Pres gives info to Congress
written or spoken |
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charges filed against them w intention of removal from office
(treason bribary high crime misdemeanors...) |
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| official still in office but has not been reelected |
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| only Am ratified by state convention |
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| am limited pres. to 2 terms/10 yrs in office |
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| power of congress to charge pres of misconduct in office |
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| concept of federalism most clearly found in Constitution |
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| 1st vp to assume power of Pres. after death |
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| Supreme court case right to privacy expanded 3rd and 4th am. |
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