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Definition
| Freedom of speech, of press, of religion, to assemble, to petition |
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| the right to bear arms, added in Constitution to keep Congress from passing laws to disarm state militias, because at this time, just about all men owned guns, or with a militia/citizens were taking up arms to show how mad they were with their gov/Until 1920’s no real problems with this/ not until mob period and prohibition/ act against machine guns and sawed off shotguns/ gov not trying to tax farmers, but instead to tax mobsters (man in Chicago with sawed off shotgun) |
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| In time of war Congress passed a law stating that soldiers should be quarted |
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protects you from unreasonable search or seizure, search warrant required to search belongings.
Police can search under the fourth if:
-Person is arrested
-Things in plain view
-Things or places that the arrested person could touch or reach or are otherwise in the arrestees immediate control
-Can search with good reason |
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| protects against abuse of government authority in a legal procedure, says an indictment of a Grand Jury (except in cases of the armed services) is required to hold a person accountable for answering for a crime, no double jeapordy (cant be charged for the same crime twice), law of emminent domain, the right to not self incriminate yourself in a criminal case against yourself nor be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law. |
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| Most criminal defendants cannot afford to have an attorney1930’s, those people would get convicted a lot, the sixth says that they are guarenteed free counsel. Rights under the sixth amendment- speedy trial, public trial, impartial jury, notice of accusation, confrontation and counsel. |
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| Prohibits the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines or cruel and unusual punishment. |
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| abolished slavery; one of the Civil War Amendments |
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| Fourteenth Amendment was ratified on July 9, 1868, and granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed. In addition, it forbids states from denying any person "life, liberty or property, without due process of law" or to "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” By directly mentioning the role of the states, the 14th Amendment greatly expanded the protection of civil rights to all Americans and is cited in more litigation than any other amendment. |
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| gives black males right to vote. prohibits the denial of suffrage based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude |
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| Allows 18 year olds to vote |
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| The term affirmative action refers to policies that take race, ethnicity, physical disabilities, military career, or sex into consideration in an attempt to promote equal opportunity or increase ethnic or other forms of diversity. Always controversial; initially thought by the courts to be temporary. |
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| out of wedlock legitimacy test/ in texas if woman not married, tand gives birth has rights immediately / dad has to prove its in babies best interestes that he is given rights to kid/ dad sues/ says im being discriminated aginast in this/ decision was that gender discrimination was bs, so dad was also given rights to kid/set up a standard of review in Texas to see if ERA has been violated |
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Bill of rights only is u.s gov stuff not state stuff/establishes Bill of Rts applies only to federal not states/ John barron-has property/Baltimore doing construction and all the erosion and silt run off goes into Baltimore harbor/ making john’s wharf unusable/ he says fifth amendment (imminent domain part) says gov needs to provide me with just compensation/ he sues/ john marshall disagrees, says fifth only applies to fed gov not states./(14th amendment will give him this though, not yet around)/ Early Constitution mostly dealt with property rights contract clause/economic liberty/early supreme court cases only about money not really rights”””/
1833; ruled that the Bill of Rights did not apply to the states, it ruled that the contract clause in the const. directly applied against unwarranted state action (became an important defense of property rights against interference by the states) |
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| A legislative act that singles out an individual or group for punishment without a trial. An implementation of the separation of powers, a general safeguard against legislative exercise of the judicial function or more simply - trial by legislature. |
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| The first 10 amendments to the US constitution, concerned with the protection of basic liberties. |
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| There's only one primary -- everyone's put on the ticket and you can vote for a candidate of any party (you can vote Republican even if you're a Democrat, for instance). For example, in states that use a blanket primary, you can vote both for a Republican Senator and a Democratic Governor. The candidates with the highest votes by party for each office advance to the general election, as the respective party's nominee. It differs from the open primary – in open primaries voters may pick candidates regardless of their own party registration, but may only choose among candidates from a single party of the voter's choice. So in a state that uses an open primary, if you are going to vote for a Republican Governor than you would also have to vote for a Republican Senator. Alaska and Washington are two states that use the blanket primary system. |
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| Bong Hits for Jesus Supreme Court case |
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Definition
| Alaska case aka “Bong Hits 4 Jesus” case or high school free speech-kids holding up sign get in trouble/ in trouble for holding sign with drug reference/ supreme court said drug reference alone was enough to limit high school free speech/ LIMITS FREE SPEECH? |
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| a United States Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of a Georgia sodomy law that criminalized oral and anal sex in private between consenting adult when applied to homosexuals. Seventeen years later the Supreme Court directly overruled Bowers in Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003), and held that such laws are unconstitutional. |
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| Brandenburg is a clan member, he goes to a rally without a gun, but the ppl listening to him do and he said, I don’t have a gun, but if you do, go hurt these ppl/….court says they can arrest someone for saying something that hurts ppl is illegal. Can be convicted for this. |
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Term
| Brown v. Board of Education |
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Definition
| a landmark case that paved the way for integration of separate, but "equal" schools ( in reference to blacks and whites.) |
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Definition
| Freedoms protected from governmental interference |
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Term
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Definition
| guarantees of equal citizenship to all social groups compare to Civil liberties: freedoms protected from government interference KNOW DIFFERENCE!!!!/Equality? Where is that in the Constitution? Key areas of inequality: racial discrimination, gender discrimination, discrimination based on age, disability, sexual orientation |
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Term
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Definition
| The 1964 Civil Rights Act made racial discrimination in public places, such as theaters, restaurants and hotels, illegal. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1919, Schenck v. United States, Charles Schenck passed out pamphlets against the draft in the US, ruling says that it was a wartime crisis so it was OK to ban speech that was a “clear and present danger” to society. |
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Definition
| Most ppl are familiar with closed, if you’re rep then you can only vote in rep primary. |
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Definition
| allows strong ideological parties to develop. In order to govern you have to have 51% so If you get 35 percent of the vote you need to find some little parties to join yours so you can run the government. |
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Term
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Definition
| when you have a popular candidate that run (obama) typically weaker or lesser known candidate of the same party gets the advantage. Powerful major candidate helps get other ppl in that party get elected. (Because president on the ticket the party loses vote.) gain seats in congress in the beginning, but loses seats in the midterm. |
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Term
| Conventional participation |
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Definition
| Voting, Letter writing, Contact with Representatives, Working on Campaigns, Campaign Contributions |
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Term
| Current on pledge of allegiance |
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Definition
- 2004- ‘under God’ violates establishment clause**?
o Pledge originally written without religious tones
o Added during the Cold War in response to “godless Communists” |
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Term
| Current on religion in schools |
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Definition
- School Prayer
o School sponsored prayer is not okay
o Private prayer is okay
- Religion and School Rulings
o Ten Commandments: Each school had the ten commandments up.
• Kentucky just kept putting other religious (from other religions) things up to make it okay to display the Ten Commandments
• Texas just had the Ten Commandments from a movie-sponsored event |
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Term
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Definition
| segregation (especially in schools) that happens in fact although not required by law |
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Term
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Definition
| segregation (especially in schools) that happens due to a law |
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Term
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Definition
| a gradual reduction in the dominance of one political party without another party supplanting it, more people becoming independent. |
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Term
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Definition
| A test articulated by the Supreme Court in Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969) that holds that advocacy of illegal action is protected by the First Amendment unless imminent lawless action is intended and likely to occur. |
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Term
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Definition
| A preliminary election in which a party's candidates for public office are nominated by direct vote of the people. |
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Term
| District of Columbia v. Heller |
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Definition
| 1975 law said second amenment applied to all u.s. citizens-restricted ppl from owning handguns/unless you were an old cop/ heller said this goes to far/ he said more criminals have guns than regular ppl. So we need guns for protection/ban overturned, first major second amendment case; Cheney spoke out to overturn this |
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Term
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Definition
| control of the executive and the legislative branches by different political parties. Unified gov is when the pres and congress are of the same party, not as effective because the party tends to divide internally. Divided is when the pres is one party, and either the house or senate is of the other party. They know they have to negotiate to get stuff done, come with plan A and B, more effective in this form. Obama has unified, Bush had divided |
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Term
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Definition
| Dred Scott said he was free, because he'd entered into a free state; ruling: no, because he was private property; not about civil rights, but about property at this point in history |
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Term
| Elections (Levels of participation) |
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Definition
Lowest level – spectator, Putting a button on or a sticker on your car
Voting
Trying to get people to vote a certain way
Voice your opinion (via talkshow or some shit, call a public official)
Give moneys
Attend a political meeting
Contribute time to a candidate
Highest level - Become a candidate and win |
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Term
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Definition
* done by majority. If you win the majority vote in that state, you get all the votes in the electoral college. Smaller parties at disadvantage, they don’t win by winning one or two states.
* No reward for coming in 2nd or 3rd in our system/rep's of the states who formally elect the prez the number of elector iin each state is equeal to the total number of its senators and congressional reps/ |
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Term
| Electoral competition model |
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Definition
| a form of election in which parties seeking votes move toward the median voteror the center of the politicaal spectrum/ |
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Term
| Electoral reward and punishment theory |
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Definition
| the tendency to vote for the incumbents when times are good and against them when times are bad |
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Term
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Definition
| cant force ppl to pray in school/ even if it’s nondenominational/ |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, provides that "no state shall ... deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws".[1] The Equal Protection Clause can be seen as an attempt to secure the promise of the United States' professed commitment to the proposition that "all men are created equal"[2] by empowering the judiciary to enforce that principle against the states. |
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Term
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Definition
| proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution stating that equality of rights shall not be denied in account on a person's gender; in TX – 1972, adopted 4 to 1 margin; 1987 – TX started using it more frequently; Baby McLean case set up standard of review in TX; TX Women’s University vs. Chayklintaste (women had to live on campus, men didn't - argued that this was unfair under the ERA) |
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Term
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Definition
| prohibits congress from making official religion/ they can’t make us a CATholic nation. Or mormon nation/ reason why some say church and state aren’t separate/Religion and School Rulings-ruling said private prayer, okay/ public prayer-not cool/ |
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Term
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Definition
| a standard promulgated by the Supreme Court that prevents police and prosecutors from using evidence against a defendant that was obtained in a illegal search. |
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Term
| Factors that affect participation and voting |
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Definition
Education! Easily the most important
Geographical Region
Gender
Race and Ethnicity
Age
Socioeconomics and Income
Religion
Marriage |
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Term
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Definition
| court says words that are not of relevant ideas, but instead just about shit you made up/ like yelling fire in a theater without a fire./ not protected if it's made up!/ if their actually is a fire in there then of course it's fine/ |
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Term
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Definition
1790s-1820s)
1796 & 1800 Thomas Jefferson and John Adams ran for president
1800 election: often called Revolution of 1800 first election in the world where one party willingly give up power to another party when they lost the election. Peaceful transfer power from one group of people to another. |
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| whoever wins the most votes, not necessarily the majority |
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Term
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Definition
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| prohibits congress from impeding practices of beliefs/ got the right to practice any faith you want//1879-upheld mormons right to polygamy/ they didn’t want any religious practice to go thru/ you can believe what ever you want, but no sacrifices/Foundation case of this was West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943)-jahoves witnesses don’t want to salute flag/ 1940’s courts said you don’t have to salute flag if it’s part of your religious rights, but we will stop something/ |
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Definition
| ruled the death penalty was out/reason was because in Georgia imposed death penalty in a cruel and unusual manner/ so Georgia rewrites it. |
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Definition
| changes felons not being provided a lawyer/ says in felony cases, not just murder cases, courts have to give lawyer to criminal |
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Term
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Definition
| gov has no right to stop free speech/one of first big cases/ gitlow is a printer who encourages ppl to overthrow gov |
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Definition
| if your grandfather voted, you can vote/ way to get more white votes/ |
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Definition
| supreme court rules death penalty is now okay in georgia, put it back In in georia/ ON TEST/1987-said we will look at each case and look for this |
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Definition
| said privacy was right to be alone/ in connecticutt still outlawed sell of birth control/ couldn’t even discuss it between doctor and patient./ case argued that several amendments give ppl privacies to say what they want…creates zones of privacy/ this case said attacked right of marriage privacy/ said for married coiuple not to be able to buy birth control was unconstitutional./ this case started with just involving married ppl/ expanded to unmarried couples |
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| was a U.S. Supreme Court decision reversing the dismissal of a habeas corpus petition brought on behalf of Yaser Esam Hamdi, a U.S. citizen being detained indefinitely as an "illegal enemy combatant". The Court recognized the power of the government to detain unlawful combatants, but ruled that detainees who are U.S. citizens must have the ability to challenge their detention before an impartial judge |
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| Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States |
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Definition
| refused to rent to black patrons/ said we don’t have rooms/ this ws viotaton of 1964 civil rights act/ owner said the wasn’t part of public, he was a PRIVATE actor/ owner claimed telling him to rent rooms to blacks was a violation of 5th and 13th/ said they were forcing him to be a slave/ 5th doesn’t the reasonable interstate commerce/ he said they are taking his poroperty/State’s position |
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Definition
| seeing same health care issues/ banned use of medicare funds/ scuz u are really poor getting these fu ds/ this amendment said cant use these funds for abortions/ cant use medicade for abortions/ a limitation amendment barring the use of federal funds to pay for abortions through funds allocated by the annual appropriations bill for Health and Human Services |
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Term
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Definition
| based on particular set of beliefs, a broad view of social, economic, and polotcal matters |
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Term
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Definition
| did not participate in politics. |
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Definition
| could look at gender for suspect classification/ could use gender classification if it is legitimately important/ couldn’t’ do it cuz u think women are dumb |
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Term
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Definition
| term for systematic discrimination of the South until the middle of the 20th century/ |
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Term
| Korematsu v. United States |
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Definition
| Japanese internment camps case - Japanese Americans were forced into interment camps / iduring WW2 japanese AMERICANS put into internment camps/ given reparations during Clinton |
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Term
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Definition
details the requirements for legislation concerning religion. It consists of three prongs:
The government's action must have a secular legislative purpose;
The government's action must not have the primary effect of either advancing or inhibiting religion;
The government's action must not result in an "excessive government entanglement" with religion. |
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Definition
| prohibits congress from making official religion/ they can’t make us a Catholic nation. Or Mormon nation/ reason why some say church and state aren’t separate/ |
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Term
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Definition
| to publish in print (including pictures), writing or broadcast through radio, television or film, an untruth about another which will do harm to that person or his/her reputation, by tending to bring the target into ridicule, hatred, scorn or contempt of others. |
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Term
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Definition
| test taken in order to see if you can vote/ the ppl handing out test could bias it and give the whites easy ones and the blacks hard ones/ outlawed/ way to get more whites to be able to vote/ |
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Term
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Definition
Too Busy
Registration
Absentee Voting
Number of Elections
Voter Attitudes |
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Term
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Definition
| idea that the winning candidate has a mandate from the ppl to carry out his or her platforms and politics/ politicians like this more than political scientists/ |
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Term
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Definition
| exclusionary rule –mapp refuses to let cops in/ they go in with fake warrant, she takes that warrant and stuff it down her blouse/ their was nothing bad in her house/ but they arrested her to try to prevent the fact they had went in with a fake warrant/arrested her for pornos/ court said, police cannot use evidence found in illegal search |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the voter at the exact middle of political opinion |
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Term
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Definition
| establishes a 3 part test-average person must find the work to appeal to lust(different views from ppl in san Francisco, from Topeka Kansas//, state law must specifically define what sexual behavior is obscene/ work must lack serious literary political, scientific value/ Ex: anatomy class may show wangs, but it has scientific value/ |
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Definition
| woman’s suffrage/ case over 14th amendment/ says women should have equal to vote/ court said this right is not part of 14th amendment/ so women who wanted to vote, started petions/ |
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Definition
| person questioned, never told his rights, they are likely to speak, this case says a confession before they are read their rights is not constitutional/ so now hey have to read it/or else evidence dismissed/ |
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Term
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Definition
- warning suspects they have the right to remain silent -- as soon as they are placed under arrest, to make sure the warning is not overlooked later by detectives or investigators
- You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to be speak to an attorney, and to have an attorney present during any questioning. If you cannot afford a lawyer, one will be provided for you at government expense |
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Definition
| when signing up for DL renewal you can also register to vote. People are more likely to vote when registered. |
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Term
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Definition
| where the presidential candidates for each party is nominated. Nomination goes to the majority win, (mostly chosen in state primaries and caucuses.) |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which provisions of the bill of rights become incorporated. |
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Term
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Definition
| case that ultimately denied the use of prior restraint. |
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Term
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Definition
| representation of sexually explicit material that violates community standards/ without redeeming social imporatance or value |
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Term
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Definition
| if you own a field, and even if its private property, the cop can check it for mary jane/ so if cop sees it in a helicopter,, |
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Term
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Definition
| you can vote in either primary, but choose one-doesn’t matter what your party is. D can vote in R primary, and vice versa. |
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Term
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Definition
| court assuming actions of elected bodies are legal under constitution/ |
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Term
| Organization of Democratic party |
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Definition
| organized nationally. liberal ( favor gov help) worry about poverty and social welfare |
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Term
| Organization of Republican party |
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Definition
| conservative (oppose gov help and support busisness), talk more about opportunity and freedom |
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Term
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Definition
| a committed supporter of a political party: seeing issues from the point of view of a single party/ |
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Term
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Definition
| things party wants to do/ about 2/3 of the promises on the presidential platform gets compleed/ dem and rep platforms are not the same/a party's statemente of its positions on the issues of the day/(book) |
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Term
| planned parenthood of southeastern pennsylvannia v. Casey |
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Definition
| case said you could limit abortions as long a/ abolished trimester case alfrom roe v/ wade/ so this says you cant impose restricions on abortins if they give undue burdens on moms/ like 24hour waiting periods on mom/ they decide if it’s a burden on the mother/ or making sure the parents are notified/ somethimmes dad rapes girl, he has no right to know about her abortion |
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Term
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Definition
| Pledge of Allegiance-put in in the 1950’s to be different than /2004- ‘under God’ violates establishment clause?-atheist argues against it/ says the child doesn’t have to say pledge of allegiance/ the man was not the custodial parent so he didn’t really have right to child’s right/ but they ruled in that district that it was okay not to say ‘under god’ |
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Term
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Definition
| the delegates you see in primaries and caucuses/ not actual nominee yet/ |
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Term
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Definition
| says its okay to discriminate as long as facilities are equal/is precedent for Brown v. Board of Education case/ |
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Term
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Definition
| more votes than any other candidate but less than a majority of all votes cast |
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Term
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Definition
| tax you have to pay to vote/ way to get more white votes/ |
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Term
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Definition
-does NOT equal obscenity-
Porn is the non legal term-not seeing this term in a court/ |
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Term
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Definition
| statewide elections in which voters choose delegates to the national party convention; normally, all delegates are pledged to a specific candidate for the party’s nomination |
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Term
| privileges and immunities |
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Definition
| the portion of article IV, section 2, of the constitution that says that citizens from out of state have the same leagal rights as local citizens in any state/states cannot make laws that interfere with the rights of U.S. citizens/No state shall make or enforce any law that shall abridge the privileges of immunity to U.S. citizens. |
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Term
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Definition
| legal doctrine that refers to a reasonable belief that a crime has been committed/ |
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Term
| proportional representation |
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Definition
-representatives are elected from multi-seat districts in proportion to the number of votes received.
-PR assures that political parties or candidates will have the percent of legislative seats that reflects their public support. A party or candidate need not come in first to win seats |
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Term
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Definition
| political parties should stand for difference policies and voters should rty receives/h palar vote eache pouchoose between them and winning party should carry out its mandate. |
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Term
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Definition
| theory of democratic elections in which voters decide what government will do in the near future by choosing one or another responsible party. |
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Term
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Definition
| minor party, sometimes arise as aprt of a social movement, populist party, grew out of S and W farms protest movements in the late 19th c., Green party offshoot of the environmental and antiglobilization movements |
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Term
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Definition
| shift in the fundamental party identification and loyalty because something big happened. When a bunch of ppl changed party. (also know dealignment for the final)/process by which one party supplants another as the dominant party in a political system |
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Term
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Definition
| Bakke- court case in which Bakke was denied to UC Med school twice to people less qualified based on race. Case determined that affirmative action is legal as long as filling quotas is not used. |
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Term
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Definition
| specific to Texas/ only get in texas/ in first constitution, made it thru all constituions/ remonstrance, texans get it no other. Means we have right to dialogue with government/ we have a right to response from government/Texans have this at the state level |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of election in which voters look back at the performance of a party in power and cast ballots on the basis of how well it did in office |
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Term
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Definition
| first election in the world where one party willingly give up power to another party when they lost the election/peaceful transfer power from one group to another/ |
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Term
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Definition
| is a case in which the United States Supreme Court applied the rule of Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000), to capital sentencing schemes, holding that the Sixth Amendment requires a jury to find the aggravating factors necessary for imposing the death penalty. Ring overruled a portion ofWalton v. Arizona, 497 U.S. 639 (1990), that had previously rejected this contention. |
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Term
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Definition
| kicked off by/ fluoridamide-drug/ baby has severe disaddvantages if mom takes this drug early in preggo/ measle epidemic in 60’s/moms get measles kids have bad deformitites/ increasing demand for abortions cuz of this/ more states decriminalizing abortions/ this case texas case/ roe could only have abortion if life was in danger/ pcase decision was that pregnancy was divided into 3 trimesters/ in first trimester right to privacy of woman, then woman has right to abortion, her rights are most powerful/ second trimester, state can regulate abortions/ third trimester, court says kid is alive, they can survive outside womb, baby has rights/ problem came when techology started getting really good./ now a days you can have babies who survive longer, and can even survive outside womb in second trimester |
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Term
| Role of political parties |
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Definition
-interest articulation
-parties define & express a group’s needs & wants in a way that the public and political system can understand
-interest aggregation
-the process by which a party brings together various viewpoints on an issue |
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Term
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Definition
schenck was passing out info about how the war was dangerous/ so the gov said we need to ban this speech bcuz it presents a “clear and present danger” to the u.s.
established the standard that if someone violated free speech, the speech must present some kind of “clear and present danger” |
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Term
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Definition
| the gradual and piecemeal incorportation of the protections of the bill of rights by the U.S. supreme court/ |
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Term
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Definition
| barely distinguishable from advocacy groups/ what makes them diferent is their decision to run candidates for office/ the prohibition party and the free soil party fall into this category as did perot's balanced budget refor party in 1996 |
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Term
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Definition
| dealing with "first past the post"/ a district is only represented by one person, not like PR where you could have more than one party repping/ discourages ppl from voting for independent/ think their vote wont matter. and they're right |
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Term
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Definition
| spoken defamation of character. |
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Term
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Definition
| court declared practice of excluding nonwhites from political party primary elections was unconstitutional |
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Term
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Definition
| forms when a faction in one of the two major parties bolts to run its own candidate or candidates/ an example is the bull moose progressive party of teddy roosevelt, formed after roosevelt split with rupublican party regulars in 1912 |
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Term
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Definition
| say what politicians are doing violates constitutional rights./ |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| superdelegates/unpledged delegates |
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Definition
| A member of the Democratic Party who has been selected to attend the national convention to help select a nominee for president. super-delegate is an unpledged delegate/ demo's have them/20% of delegates/elected officials from all levels of gov who are appointed by party committees to be delegates to the nat convention of the demo party, not selected in primary elections or caucuses/(book). |
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| When laws treat people differently because of race. |
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| swann v. Charlotte mechlenberg school district |
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| Court case that argued the use of busing to assist in school integration, because districting changed after Brown v. Board |
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| states that do not have an overwhelming majority. May "swing" either way. |
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| systematic discrimination |
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| Kind of like the opposite of "overt discrimination" This isn't discrimination through separate water fountains or schools, it's discrimination through the system...just happens. |
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| texas cases-over 10 commandments on wall/cuz of Charlton heston movie/ ppl gave 10 commandments to ppl to put up in texas, for movie promotion!!!/ supreme court said, that’s cool, cuz that’s not promoting religion./Kentucky-didn’t work because they were putting it up for religion/ |
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| Big case for nonverbal speech. Johnson burned flag. it’s ruled as symbolic gesture for free speech, ruled as OKAY. |
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| texas womans university v. Chayklintaste |
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| Women were forced to live on campus, men weren’t. Chaylinkaste said that's bullshit, I shouldn't have to live in dorms. |
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| the proportion of eligible voters who actually vote in a given election. |
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| most places have this: you only vote in one precinct. You vote where you registered. (sometimes make it difficult to vote). Open polling: early voting, go anywhere to vote. Allows more ppl to participate |
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| unconventional participation |
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| While conventional participation includes things such as letter writing or campaign contributions, unconventional are things such as civil disobedience (boycotting, sit-ins, etc.) |
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| Control of the executive and legislative branches by the same political party. |
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| united states v. cruikshank |
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Definition
| Says 14th amendment only dealt with state problems/ but they couldn’t prosecute individuals/ so what about a Tennessee? Wit h lots of pl who are racist/ and the state officials are not going to get involved, then lynching’s not looked at/ |
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| Court case that argued affirmative action against two white females who felt they didn't get into the school of law because of race. They has great test scores, great recommendations, etc. Ruling was that because the school affirmative action system did not actually use quotas (as determined by Regents v Bakke) it was still justified. |
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| amendment case about persons right to own concealed weapon/ gov does stake out on miller who they thought was robbing banks, and making moonshine. They found a broken moonshine mill, but they found a sawed off shotgun that wasn’t paid for (taxes weren’t paid) so they got him for that/ this case said not saying do you have right to bear arms, they are saying if you are owning a weapon that isn’t a militia weapon, then you have to pay taxes in order to own it/not really limiting guns ppl can own/ |
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| Voting (determining factors) |
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Definition
| various things such as how the candidate appears, incumbency or past performance, current issues |
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| Voting rights act of 1956 |
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Definition
| States in the South were misbehaving, only allowed African Americans to vote one day a month, from a certain time, if you miss your time too bad. Or instead of circle you check you don't get that vote counted, etc. Voting Rights Act was aimed at Alabama. Federal government said they need to let ppl vote, if not then the nat gov is gonna give them the rock bottom....basically outlawed discriminatory voting practices. |
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| Webster v. Reproductive Health Services |
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| Says you can test if a baby can survive outside womb in second trimester. If it cant then baby is allowed to be aborted and problem is kids now a days kids are surviving early(Due to advancements in medicine) in pre-mature birth, so where's the cutoff? It was a Supreme Court ruling that upheld a Missouri law(the life of each human being begins at conception.) that imposed restrictions on the use of state funds, facilities and employees in performing, assisting with, or counseling on abortions. |
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| Primary Elections in the Southern States in which any non-White voter was prohibited from participating. White primaries were found in many Southern States(Texas included) after about 1890 and through the mid-1960s. |
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| Supreme Court decision in which the Court held that police officers must "knock and announce" before entering a house. |
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| the single winner is the person with the most votes; there is no requirement that the winner gain an absolute majority of votes |
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