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| Ruled by One. Ruler has unlimited power, uses power in an arbitrary manner. |
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| Ruled by One. Ruled by a king or queen who holds complete control over the subjects. |
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| Dictatorship/ totalitarian |
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| Ruled by One. Ruler holds absolute power to make laws and to command the army. Excessive control over people's lives. |
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| Ruled by Few. Ruled by a group of religious leaders (e.g. Taliban in Afghanistan) |
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| Ruled by Few. A group of nobles controls the economy and the government. |
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| Ruled by Few. A small group of powerful and wealthy people rule the nation with the support of the military. |
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| Ruled by Few. A committee of military officers becomes the rulers of the nation |
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| Ruled by Many. The citizens of the nation directly or through elected members make important decisions. |
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| Ruled by Many. It is a democratic form of government regulated by a constitution. |
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| The monarch shares the power with the parliament. |
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| A constitutional government in which the powers of the central government are restricted to create semi-autonomous bodies (states or provinces. |
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| Communism, socialism, democracy, monarchy |
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| System in which the state controls economic activity in the nation. Authoritarian and repressive. Social classless society in which everyone has common ownership of the means of production. |
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| Form of government in which the majority rules. |
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| System of the government in which the central government controls the production and distribution of goods, services, and labor. |
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| System in which a king or queen leads the nation. |
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| acts on behalf of the group, making and enforcing laws and providing for other needs. |
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| government lies with the people. Constitution provides for majority rule but protects the rights of the minority. |
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| guarantees that the individual is protected through a system of rights in the court system. |
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| held by elected officials. |
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| a strategic technique used to persuade another person to believe or act on an idea. examples: came-calling, scapegoating, band wagoning. |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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Definition
Five years after the American Revolution of Independence was written, the first national constitution governing the U.S was approved (ratified) by all the states.
Created central government with very limited powers.
could not make laws without unanimous state agreement.
no president or national court system. |
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55 delegates (Founding Fathers) met at the Constitutional Convention.
Shared powers: a separation of powers that defines three branches with distinct powers, system of checks and balances allows each branch to oversee the other two, a federal system that divides governing power between the national government and state governments. |
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| Three Braches of Government |
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Legislative branch- includes the two houses of congress (House of Representatives and the Senate) and makes the laws.
Executive branch whose main power resides with the president who executes or carries out the laws
Judicial Branch- includes the supreme court and lower federal courts who interpret the meaning and validity of the laws. |
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| elected first president of the U.S under the new constitution and served two terms. |
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| refers to a type of democracy in which there is shared power between the national and state governments. |
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| those who favored the ratification (adoption) of the Constitution and the idea of shared powers. |
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| those against ratification and who favored states' rights more. |
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Federalists promised to pass a Bill of Rights to provide guarantees of state power.
first 10 amendments to the constitution.
Include personal, political, and economic rights.
Forbidding Congress from infringing on certain basic rights. |
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| Number of total amendments made to the constitution |
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Freedom of speech, press, religion, and petition.
Right to bear arms
Quartering Soldiers
Right of search and seizures
Persecution (protects a person from being compelled to be a witness against himself in a criminal case) |
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Right to a speedy trial
Right to a trial by jury
Excessive bail, cruel punishment
Rule of construction of constitution
Rights of states under constitution. |
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| prohibited slavery in the united states |
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| guaranteed the right to vote to all men, no matter their race. |
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| guaranteed the right to vote to all citizens, including women |
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| declared poll taxes and similar measures designed to prohibit people from voting were unconstitutional. |
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| gave 18year olds the right to vote. |
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| How amendments are proposed |
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1) and amendment must be proposed by two-thirds of both houses of congress or
2) by two-thirds of the state legislatures
Approval by three-fourths of the state legislatures is needed for the amendment to be ratified. |
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| powers given specifically to the national government. example: establishing foreign policy, declaring war and maintaining the armed forces, coining money |
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| other powers, those not specifically granted to the national government and not denied to the states |
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| shared by both the national and state governments (e.g. tax collection and education) |
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powers are divided so that no group or part of government can become too powerful.
1) president can veto laws passed by congress
2) congress can vote to override presidential veto
3) the president makes appointments to the supreme court when a place is open, but requires the congress to approve nominee. |
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| want less federal involvement in the lives of individuals and businesses and greater state responsibilities. |
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| usually favor a strong federal government involved in economic and social issues. |
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| This system was set up to avoid having the states with the most popular votes due to their great populations (New York and California) always deciding the presidency. |
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| 435 members. This total is divided or apportioned among the states according to population. Representatives serve 2 year terms. |
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| Third in line to become president |
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| 100 members, two from each state. Senators are elected for 6 years,with a third of the senate being every 2 years. |
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by the two legislative chambers of congress and signed by the president.
1) an elected representative proposes a bill
2)legislative committees review the bill
3) both chambers vote on the bill
4) if approved, the bill goes to the executive branch (president/governor)
5a) president signs bill, it becomes law
5b) president vetoes bill it is dropped. Congress can override with two-thirds vote |
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| first elected president of the Republic of Texas (after Texas became independent of Mexico) |
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| last president of the Republic of Texas (1844-1846) |
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| How long was Texas independent? |
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| first governor of the state of Texas (1846-1847) |
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| Three branches of Texas government |
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Definition
1) executive branch (governor)
2) legislative (texas senate and house of representatives
3) the judicial branch (court of appeals and the Texas supreme court for civil and juvenile cases) |
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| elected to 4 year term in November of even-numbered, non-presidential years. no limit on the number of terms a governor can serve. |
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| statewide elected official. presiding officer of the Texas senate and serves 4year term. |
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| consists of 31 senators elected to 4 year overlapping terms of office with no term limits. The lieutenant governor serves as president of the texas senate. |
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| Texas House of Representatives |
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| consists of 150 representatives elected in even-numbered years to 2 year terms of office (no limits). elects a speaker from its members to serve as the presiding officer. |
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| Legislative budget board (LBB) |
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| primarily develops recommendations for legislative appropriations and performance standards for all agencies of state government. |
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| Honor the Texas flag; I pledge allegiance to thee, Texas, on state under God, one and indivisible |
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| the Lone star flag. adopted in 1839 as the flag of the Republic of Texas |
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| Guadalupe park (west texas) |
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| king ranch ( largest in the world- 825,000 acres |
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| new Mexico, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Mexico, gulf of Mexico |
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| the world tallest obelisk was built as a memorial column on the land where the Battle of San Jacinto (brought texas independence) was fought. |
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