Term
When did Alex de Tocqueville tour the USA?
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Definition
| He toured in 1831 and 1832 |
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Term
What happens to political participation in totalitarian systems? |
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Definition
| Political Participation is severely limited and most of the time forbidden and punishable |
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Term
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Definition
| Interest group- a group of likeminded individuals who band together to influence public policy, public opinion, or governmental officials. (Ch.12) |
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Term
How do interest groups “educate” the public? |
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Definition
| Inform public about issues through research, congressional testimonies, and public reactions |
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Term
What has happened to the number of interest groups since the 1960s? |
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Definition
| The number of interest groups has increased, because as the population increases so do the amount of interest groups. |
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Term
The rise of TV has caused what to happen to the cost of campaigns? |
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Definition
| It made campaigns more expensive. |
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Term
Why is money so important in politics? |
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Definition
| Decline of Party Organizations, More Voters Up for Grabs, TV, and Campaign Consultants |
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Term
How do interest groups shape public opinion? |
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Definition
| Interest groups shape public opinion by using the media, staging demonstrations and protests, and using outside lobbying. |
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Term
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Definition
| Think tank- a group of individual who conduct research in a particular subject or a particular area of public policy. Ex American Enterprise Institution and Heritage Foundation (Ch.12) |
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Term
What did de Tocqueville say about Americans? |
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Definition
| He said Americans had a stronger tendency to join together to solve problems, articulate collective interest, and form social relationships, and he believed collective action was ESSENTIAL because it allowed likeminded people to come together and act with greater strength. |
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Term
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Definition
| laws stipulating the maximum number of terms that an elected official may serve in a particular office. (Ch.13) |
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Term
Define Political Action Committee (PAC)
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Definition
| a political organization created to raise and spend money to influence electoral outcomes. (Ch.13) |
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Term
What is the case of Buckley v. Valeo about? |
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Definition
| First a law was issued that limited how much money candidates could spend, how much a group could give to them, and how much political parties could give. Buckley disagreed saying it violated the 1st amendment and the Supreme Court agreed with him. However, the court still limits how much an individual/ group can give. |
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Term
What was unusual about the 2000 Presidential election? |
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Definition
| In 2000 Al Gore had the majority vote but because of recounting of the electoral colleges votes in Florida his opponent George W. Bush won the election with the least possible electoral votes (271). |
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Term
Has the Electoral Vote always matched the Popular Vote? |
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Definition
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Term
Define Open Primary System |
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Definition
| Open primary system- a primary election process in which voters are allowed to cast ballots in the primary election w/out declaring which party they are voting for [you declare your affiliation that day]. (Ch. 13) |
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Term
| Define Closed Primary System |
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Definition
| Closed primary system- a primary election process in which only registered members of the party are allowed to cast ballots. [Roughly half the states use this system and it is more restricted]. (Ch.13) |
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Term
| Who developed the 1st real Political Parties? |
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Definition
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Term
| What amendment abolished the Poll Tax? |
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Definition
| The 24th amendment in 1964. |
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Term
| Who determines residency and registration requirements? |
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Definition
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Term
| What has happened to voter turnout lately? |
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Definition
| Voter turnout has decreased compared to voting in the 1960's. |
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Term
Define Incumbent Advantage? |
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Definition
| the various factors that favor officeholders running for reelection over their challengers. (Ch.13) |
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Term
What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 do? |
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Definition
The federal govt. can oversee elections if there is evidence of fraud
-a federal statute that outlawed discriminatory voting practices, such as literacy tests, that had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans (Ch.13) |
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Term
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Definition
| Motor voter law- when you get your license you check a little box and it registers you to vote if you are 18. A law passed by Congress in 1993 designed to make it easier for Americans to register to vote. (Ch.13) |
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Term
What is the difference between Collective and Individual Political Participation? |
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Definition
| Collective Political Participation involves interest groups and lobbying as opposed to individual political participation which is when you make your own decisions by yourself. |
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Term
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Definition
| The viewpoints a party supports. |
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Term
What President warned us about Political Parties? |
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Definition
| George Washington warned us, and he thought we should stay united. |
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Term
Name the first 2 political parties in America. |
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Definition
Democratic-Republican: Jefferson
Federalist: Adams |
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Term
Why was the Direct Primary System established?
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Definition
| To open the election up to more people. |
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Term
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Primary Election Voters tend to be more what?
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Definition
| Primary election voters tend to be more ideological in their political orientation than the general public. |
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Term
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Why was the Direct Primary System established?
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Definition
| To open the election up to more people. |
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Term
What happens if no candidate receives a majority of the electoral votes? |
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Definition
| Then the decision will be up to the House of Representatives |
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Term
What amendment dropped the voting age to 18? |
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Definition
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Term
What restriction on voting went away very early in America’s history?
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Definition
| The first restriction that went away was the religion restriction. |
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Term
What happens to interest groups with more money? |
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Definition
| Interest groups with resources have many advantages such as: hiring the best lobbyist and workers and they can make large campaign contributions. |
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Term
Define Grassroots Lobbying and Define Professional Lobbying
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Definition
Grassroots Lobbying (outside lobbying)- activities directed at the general public to raise awareness and interest and to pressure officials. (Ch.12)
Professional Lobbying (inside lobbying)- when people go to the people in power (mayor) and professionally trying to convince them of one’s desires |
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Term
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Definition
| Cesar Chavez- formed an interest group called National Farmer Workers Association (with migrant farm workers involved). |
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Term
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Definition
| A coordinated action by many people who agree not to buy a specific product, use a specific service, or shop at a specific store until a policy is changed. |
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Term
Define Outside Lobbying and Define Inside Lobbying
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Definition
Outside lobbying - activities directed at the general public to raise awareness and interest and to pressure officials. (Ch.12)
Inside lobbying- appealing directly to lawmakers and legislative staff either in meetings, by providing research and information, or by testifying at committee hearings. (Ch.12) |
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Term
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Define Public Interest Group
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Definition
| Citizen organization that advocates issues of public good, such as protection of the environment. Ex Environmentalist Sierra Club (Ch.12) |
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Term
What kind of interest group is the U.S. Chamber of Commerce? |
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Definition
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Term
Give examples of a public interest group |
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Definition
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Term
Define Free Rider problem in relation to interest groups
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Definition
| Someone who takes advantage of a membership system, but who doesn’t pay. |
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Term
What did the National Labor Relations Act do? |
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Definition
| The National Labor Relations Act is a 1935 United States federal law that limits the means with which employers may react to workers in the private sector who create labor unions (also known as trade unions), engage in collective bargaining, and take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands. |
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Term
What is the History of American Political Parties?
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Definition
| Read pages xviii through I-14 or go to www.20b.org for further information. |
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Term
Who was the Founding Father who supported the “little guy”? |
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Definition
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Term
Who was the Founding Father who supported the “wealthy”?
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Definition
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Term
Roots of the modern democratic and republican parties? |
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Definition
The roots of the democrats are the democratic republicans.
The roots of the republicans are the federalists. |
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Term
What issue caused a major split in the parties in the 1860s? |
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Definition
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Term
What President and Vice President caused the 12th Amendment to be written? |
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Definition
| President Thomas Jefferson and Vice President John Quincy Adams caused the 12th Amendment to be written. |
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