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a. Closely or significantly related
b. Relevant or pertinent
c. Non-Germane amendments: are amendments made on the floor of Congress without much relevance or connection to the bill. |
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| a. Rule or regulation issued by the president that has the effect of law. All executive orders must be published in the Federal Register. |
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| a. Formal international agreements entered into by the president that do not require the advice and consent of the U.S senate. |
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| a. Case in 1803 in which the supreme Court first asserted the power of judicial review by finding that the congressional statute extending the Court’s original jurisdiction was unconstitutional. |
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| a. The process of redrawing of congressional districts to reflect increases or decrease in seats allotted to the states, as well as population shifts within a state. |
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| Gerrymandering (Cracking, Packing and Majority-Minority Districts) |
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a. The drawing of congressional districts to produce a particular electoral outcome without regard to the shape of the district.
b. Packing-Pack into one district to influence
c. Majority/Minority-Electing minority candidate |
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| a. Historically, it was where the party did business every year and put together a party platform. Now it is more about publicity for the candidates. |
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| A tactic by which a senator asks to be informed before a particular bill or nomination is brought to the floor. This request signals leadership that a member may have objections to the bill (or nomination) and should be consulted before further action is taken. |
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| A formal way of halting Senate action on a bill by means of long speeches and unlimited debate |
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| Unanimous consent agreement |
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| Anytime we want to move to committee to senate floor. The unanimous consent is to get 100 senators to agree to talk about it on the floor. |
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| Mechanism requiring sixty senators to vote to cut off debate. |
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a. Online
b. Newspaper
c, Television
1. Provides you information and sets the agenda.
2. Influences your values and decisions
3. Influences your behavior
a. Shapes
i. Economic Interest
ii. Professional interest
iii. Ideology |
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Public interest-advocating for the public good
b. Single interest-Save the Polar Bears!
c. Business
d. Government
e. Professional Associations |
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The activities of a group or organization that seek to persuade political leaders to support the group’s position.
a. Advocates
b. Amateurs
c. Associations
d. Professionals |
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| The rule that requires broadcast stations to sell air time equally to all candidates in a political campaign if they choose to sell it to any. |
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a. A group of people seeking to control or influence government by competing in elections.
Control party- Influence election and win election
Influence parties- want to influence government. (3rd Parties) |
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| Plurality, Majority, Electoral and Popular Vote |
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Definition
Plurality-the most votes
b. Majority vote- 50% plus 1
c. Electoral vote- V (Population) + 2 (from each state) Have to get 269+1 or 270 to win.
d. Popular vote- who is the overall majority winner from the population of the United states |
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Interest groups-groups that share a particular interest. Give people an alternative need to practice in politics at a higher level.
b. PACS-Political Actions Committees. Organizations that solicit campaigns. |
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| a. Men vs. women on topics such as abortion, gun control and education. |
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| A voter’s evaluation of a candidate based on past performance on a particular issue. |
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| A voter’s evaluation of a candidate based on what he or she pledges to do about an issue if elected. |
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| Economic and Personal Voting |
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| As income goes up, you vote more conservative. As education goes up, you vote more liveral. |
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| Primary race-Open, Closed, restricted |
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Definition
Open-any party you are allowed to vote for
b. Restricted-You vote for your party (ex. Republican votes for republican candidate, with exception to Independent voters who vote for whatever they want).
c. Closed-You only go and vote for your party. |
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| Polls taken for the purpose of providing information on an opponent that would lead respondents to vote against that candidate. |
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Symbolic power
b. Physical power
i. Execute Law- faithful execution
ii. Military authority- declaring war and commiting troops
iii. War Power- commit groups in foreign contracts
iii. Power Diplomacy-examine all treaties and appoint all ambassadors.
iiii. Power to Pardon
iiiii. Power of veto
a. Regular-say no
b. Pocket
c. Line item |
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| The only officer of the House of Representatives specifically mentioned in the constitution; the chamber’s most powerful position; traditionally a member of the majority party. Largest serving member of the political parties. |
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. Regular
i. Formal constitutional authority of the president to reject bills passes by both houses of the legislative body, thus preventing the bill from becoming law without further congressional activity; also the formal, constitutional authority of the chief executive to reject bills passed by both houses of the legislative body, thus preventing their becoming law without further legislative action.
b. Line item
i. The authority of a chief executive to delete part of a bill passed b the legislature that involves taxing or spending. Ruled unconstitutional by the U.S Supreme Court.
c. Pocket
i. If congress adjourns during the ten days the president has to consider a bill passed by both houses of Congress, the bill is considered vetoed without the president’s signature. |
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| A quasi-legislative process that results in regulations that have the characteristics of a legislative act. |
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strict construction
i. An approach to constitutional interpretation that emphasizes interpreting the constitution as it was written and intended by the Framers.
ii. philosophy that judges will judge based on founder’s intent!
b. original intent
i.
c. judicial activism
i. a philosophy of judicial decision making that posits judges should use their power broadly to further justice.
d. judicial restraint
i. A philosophy of judicial decision making that posits courts should allow the decisions of other branches of government to stand, even when they offend a judge’s own principles. |
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| In court rulings, a reliance on past decisions or precedents to formulate decisions in new cases. |
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| 4 components of beauracracy |
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Definition
Consent
b. Oversight (make you talk)
c. Money/Bills
d. Funding |
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| They are important because they are always first. They are the first states to test the water to where you stand and their outcomes matter significantly to primaries. That is the reason why so many people campaign there. |
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Campaign for primaries
2. Win primaries for political party or run as third party and get enough signatures to be put on the ballot
3. Campaign/Fundraise for the presidency
4. Party convention
5. Presidential debates |
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Socialist
Liberal
Communist
Bull Moose Party |
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| Types of Electoral College Reform |
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Definition
After 2002, there were 2 forms of electoral college reforms:
1) Popular vote.
2) Congressional district plan. Retain the electoral college but give every candidate one electoral vote for each congressional district that he or she wins in a state. The winner of overall pop. Vote in each state would receive two bonus votes for that state. |
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a. Original-Authority vested in a particular court to hear and decide the issues in a particular case.
b. Appellate- The power vested in particular courts to review and or revise the decision of a lower court. |
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Political Participation –activism that attempts to influence the political process through commonly accepted forms of persuasion such as voting or letter writing.
b. Unconventional Political participation- Activism that attempts to influence the political process through unusual or extreme measures. Ie. Protest, boycotts and picketing. |
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Republican Party- Federalist, National Republican, Whig and then Republican
Democratic Party- Democratic Republican to Democratic. |
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| Prior restraint- constitutional doctrine that prevents the gov’t from prohibiting speech or publication before the fact; generally held to be in violation of the first amendment. |
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