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| money granted by the federal government to the states for a broad purpose (e.g. transportation) rather than for a narrow purpose (e.g. school lunch program) |
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| money granted by the federal government to the states for a narrow purpose (e.g. school lunch program) rather than a broad purpose (e.g. transportation) |
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| those who favor greater national authority rather than state authority |
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| system in which each branch of government can limit the power of the other two branches, e.g. presidential veto of a congressional bill |
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| gives Congress the power to regulate commerce among the states, with foreign nations, and among the Indian tribes. Granted through Article 1, section 8 of the Constitution |
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| those held both by Congress and the states, e.g. establishing law enforcement agencies |
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| system in which sovereign states are only loosely tied to central government, e.g. the US under the Articles of Confederation |
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| those who favor greater state authority rather than national authority |
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| system in which the people rule themselves |
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| states that Congress can exercise those powers that are “necessary and proper” for carrying out the enumerated powers, e.g. establishment of the first Bank of the United States |
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| those that are specifically granted to Congress in Article 1, section 8 of the Constitution, e.g. the power to tax. Also known as the expressed power |
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| constitutional sharing of power between a central government and state governments. Different varieties include: |
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| system in which the national government and state governments are coequal, with each being dominate in its own area |
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| system in which both federal government and state governments cooperate in solving problems. |
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| system in which the national government restores greater authority back to the states(aka: Devolution) |
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| group of 85 essays written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay for the purpose of persuading the people of New York to adopt the Constitution |
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| a change in the actual wording of the Constitution. Proposed by Congress or national convention, and ratification by the states |
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| those that are “necessary and proper” to carry out Congress’ enumerated powers, and are granted to Congress through the elastic clause |
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| system in which the people are ruled by their elected representatives. Also known as representative democracy or republic |
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| foreign policy powers (e.g. acquiring territory) held by the national government by virtue of it being a national government |
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| a change in the meaning, but not in the wording, of the Constitution, e.g. through a court decision such as Brown v. Board |
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| power of the courts to rule on the constitutionality of laws and government actions. Established by Marbury v. Madison, 1803 |
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| requirements imposed by the national government upon the states |
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| mandates imposed by the federal government without funding |
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| established the power of judicial review |
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| McCulloch v.Maryland, 1819 |
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| established the principal of national supremacy and the validity of implied powers |
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| powers of the states to protect the public health, safety, morals and welfare of the public |
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| principle in which the ultimate political authority rests with the people |
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| powers held by the states through the 10thAmendment; any power not granted to the US government is “reserved” for the states |
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| principle in which the powers of government are separated among three branches: legislative, executive, judicial |
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| 1786 revolt by Massachusetts farmers seeking relief from debt and foreclosure that was a factor in thecalling of the Constitutional Convention |
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| a majority greater than a simple majority of one more than half, e.g. 2/3, 3/5 |
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