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| Messianic secret, disciples are slow to learn |
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| fulfillment of Scripture, divisions within community, final separation of good v bad |
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| fulfillment of God’s plan, eschatological reversal, tax collectors and sinners favored |
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| eternal life, paraclete, Holy Spirit, Christian unity, mutual indwelling |
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| reveals how the gospel sees slaves: worthless. The parable that Jesus uses reinforces the inferiority of slaves and highlights the fact that they do not belong at the same table as the master. They are portrayed in a way that doesn't Portrays God as a slave master. Luke 17:7-10 |
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| Luke adds parallel stories about women to stories about men - however, he reinforces gender roles and portrays women’s bodies as inferior to men. Luke 8:1-3; women have had an infirmity healed or a demon cast out; these healing stories, while depicting Jesus as a healer, also serve to demean the female body. |
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| Christ/Messiah & Son of God; Suffering Son of Man; Eschatological Judge |
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| Names for Jesus - Matthew |
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| Son of David; Son of Abraham; King of the Jews; New Lawgiver & Great Teacher (like Moses); Emmanuel ("God with us") |
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| Great Prophet (in word & deed); Lord (of Israel, and of all nations) Savior (of all, but esp. of the poor) |
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| Eternal Logos; Divine Word made Flesh; Only-begotten Son; sent from Father; Passover Lamb; "I Am" / "Equal to God" |
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| The central figure of the New Testament, whose life, death, and resurrection are chronicled in the books. The four Gospels describe Jesus’s life until his resurrection, and the remainder of the New Testament concerns itself with the community of followers of Jesus that steadily grows after his death. |
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| High priest; The high priest who presides over Jesus’s trial. Though it is Pilate who declares the verdict of Jesus’s guilt, the Gospel writers are insistent that Caiaphas is also responsible for the crucifixion. |
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| The King of Palestine from 37 to 4 B.C. According to Matthew, Herod hears of Jesus’s birth and decides to kill the child, who is prophesied to become king of the Jews. To evade Herod’s orders, Joseph takes Jesus and Mary to Egypt. |
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| The Roman governor who sentenced Jesus to be crucified; As prefect, Pontius Pilate governs Judea by the authority of the Roman Empire during the time of Jesus’s trial in Jerusalem. The Gospels differ on the extent of Pilate’s responsibility for Jesus’s crucifixion. What is clear, however, is that Pilate holds the ultimate authority to determine whether or not Jesus should be executed. |
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| Caesar Augustus, the first emperor in the ancient Roman Empire, ordered the census in Luke |
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| One of the original twelve apostles, “doubting Thomas” Gospel of Thomas bears his name but he was not in fact its author. |
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| The first of Jesus’s disciples (Depending on Gospel, In John his brother andrew is the first disciple). Extremely devoted to Jesus and his mission, Simon is able to recognize Jesus as the Messiah before the other apostles. As a result, Jesus makes him the “rock”—renaming Simon “Peter,” which means rock—on which his church would be built (Matthew 16:13–20). Although Peter denies his association with Jesus after Jesus’s arrest, Peter later becomes one of the leaders of the church in Jerusalem. |
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| One of the earliest disciples of Jesus, Son of Zebedee and Salome (apparently the sister of Mary, the mother of Jesus) making him a first cousin of Jesus. “disciple whom Jesus loved” |
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| A traveling companion of Paul. Christian tradition dating back to the second century A.D. claims that Luke is the author of the Gospel that bears his name and of Acts of the Apostles. "The Great Physician" |
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| One of the Twelve Apostles, Judas betrays Jesus to the authorities in exchange for thirty pieces of silver. According to Matthew, Judas commits suicide out of remorse (Matthew 27:3–10). |
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| The forerunner to Jesus, spreading the word of Jesus’s imminent arrival. John the Baptist is an old ascetic who lives in the desert, wears a loincloth, and feeds on locusts and honey. |
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| Disciple of Jesus (Matt. 27:57 & John 19:38) and/or member of the council (Mark 15:43) who prepares Jesus body (Along with Nicodemus in John) for burial and places him in a tomb (that he owned himself in Matthew 27:60) in John the tomb is located in a garden where Jesus was Crucified (John 19:41) |
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| Luke’s narrative of Jesus’s infancy focuses heavily on the courage and faith of Mary, who becomes impregnated by the Holy Spirit. She is also one of the only people who remains with Jesus through the crucifixion. Gospel writers who have a high esteem for the female leaders in the early church community point to Mary as a model of discipleship. |
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| Mary’s husband. Joseph is a direct paternal descendent of the great King David, which makes Jesus an heir to the Davidic line. This heritage reinforces Jesus’s place in the Jewish tradition. Focus on him is in Matthew. |
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| Mary, Sister of Martha and Lazarus, of Bethany |
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| The sister who listened at Jesus’ feet and later anointed his feet with expensive ointment. She stayed at home when Jesus came to raise Lazarus from the dead. |
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| Martha, Sister of Mary and Lazarus, of Bethany |
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| The sister who worked hard in the kitchen and met Jesus when he came to cure her brother Lazarus. |
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| brother to Mary & Martha; Jesus raises him from the dead after 4 days - in John, this is the act that leads to Jesus’ arrest |
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| A Pharisee, teacher of Israel, and ruler of the Jews as described in the book of John. The “born again” discourse, defends Jesus against his fellow Pharisees, assists Joseph of Arimathea in burying Jesus |
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| the specially designated officials who served in the temple performing ritual functions and conducting the sacrificial services - presented in all four gospels as hostile to Jesus and as conspiring to put him to death. |
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| one trained in the formal art of reading and writing - paired with Pharisees in questioning Jesus |
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| a group of particularly observant and influential Jews, mainly in Judea, from the 2nd century BCE to the 1st century CE. They play a somewhat stereotypical role as antagonists of Jesus. |
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| Abraham and David genealogy birth story with Magi, infanticide, Egypt → Nazareth sermon on the mount, Jesus enters Jerusalem on a donkey AND a colt, most Jewish of Gospels, begins with genealogy going back to David and Abraham, focus on sayings, |
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| Messianic secret is a big deal, “run away scared” ending, also an appearance of Jesus to the disciples if you extend it |
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| genealogy to Adam with questionable women, birth story with shepherds, census, child Jesus speaking with elders, focus on Gentiles and healing and the material aspect (blessed are the poor), more stories of women but with limited roles, has shepherds at birth rath temple sermon (quoting from Isaiah) sermon on the plain, Jesus has sisters and women disciples, Jesus grills fish and eats it after he resurrects |
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| has palms on palm Sunday, Peter’s character is restored; puts cleansing of the Temple at the beginning of the Jesus story (Synoptics have this encounter at the end) |
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| Mary Magdelene & Mary, Mother of Jesus at the Tomb -- Earthquake where an angel says Jesus isn't there -- Jesus shows up. |
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| Mary encounters young man at the tomb |
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| Two men in dazzling clothes tell Mary, Joanna and Mary what has happened, When Jesus appears in the house they think that they have seen a ghost (Luke 24:37) |
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| Two angels ask Mary why she is weeping, “They have taken my Lord,” Mary sees gardener at tomb, says her name and knows it is Jesus |
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| Matthew (Post Resurrection Sightings) |
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| Jesus suddenly appears to women as they are on their way to tell the disciples the message from the angel -- 11 disciples meet Jesus at the mountain he directed them to -- Great Commission |
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| Mark (Post Resurrection Sightings) |
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Ending at 16:8a- no appearance
Ending at 16:8b (bracketed in NOAB)- Jesus himself sends out to proclaim eternal salvation
Ending at 16:20 (also bracketed in NOAB)- Jesus appears to Mary Mag., appears to 2 others as they were walking in country, appears to the 11 while at the table-scolds them for stubbornness and lack of faith then tells them of their mission, Jesus taken up to be at right hand of God right after he speaks to them |
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| Luke (Post Resurrection Sightings) |
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Appearance with two men on road to Emmaus (Luke 24:13-35)
Suddenly appears in a room while the guys from Emmaus are recounting their story- shows them his hands and feet- eats broiled fish in their presence (24:36-43)
Withdrew to heaven after blessing them (24:50-52) |
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| John (Post Resurrection Sightings) |
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Mary first to see Jesus, supposed him to be the gardener (John 20:13-17)
Jesus shows up in locked room with disciples, breathes on them and gives them H.S. (20:19-24)
Jesus gives Thomas proof
Many other miracles and signs, but these are here so you believe (20:30-31)
Breakfast with Jesus at Sea of Tiberias
Feed my lambs conversation with Peter |
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| Mary of Bethany (Matthew) |
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| Unnamed woman anointing Jesus’ feet with costly ointment (26:6-13) |
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| Unnamed woman anointing Jesus’ feet with costly ointment (14:3-9) |
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She sits at Jesus’ feet and listens as a disciple to his teaching (10:38-39)
Again, unnamed woman anointing Jesus’ feet (7:36-50) |
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| Mary anoints Jesus’ feet with costly ointment and wipes them with her hair (12:1-3), Present with Martha at the death and raising of Lazarus (11:19, 20, 28-32, She goes out to Jesus (11:31), Her grief moves him deeply (11:33) |
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| Jesus gets in trouble for ministering to the Gentiles. First sermon is synagogue makes him unwelcome at home because of his ministry to gentiles. |
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| intensification of the law; Jesus as fulfillment of the Law; most Jewish of the gospels; Shaner thinks the Gentiles had to follow the legalism of Jewish law, says the law matters, intensely, |
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| separating the Jews, pretty intense language against Jews, most hostile relationship with the Jews from all the gospels |
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| probably speaking to Gentiles, though an antagonistic relationship with, erasure of the law - Jesus declares all things clean. Translation of words and explanations of customs. Pharisees → “Big Brother” of Mark |
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| Gospel of Jesus Christ, good news |
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| Provide an orderly account → researcher |
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| “So that you might believe” |
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| Seven demons had been cast out from her (Mark 16:9), Jesus appears to her first so she tries to tell people and no one believes (Mark 16:9-11), present at crucifixion, tomb closure, and resurrection (Matt 27-28); A female follower of Jesus since the time of his Galilean ministry, when he exorcises her of seven demons (Luke 8:2). Mary Magdalene is a close friend of Jesus. She is one of the women who discover that Jesus’s body is not in his grave. Following this event, she witnesses the resurrected Jesus. She is also known as Mary of Magdala.Mary Magdalene is also mentioned first in every list of Jesus’ female disciples. (Can provide list if necessary) She therefore seems to have been prominent among a group of women who “followed” and “served” Jesus constantly from the outset of his ministry in Galilee to his death and beyond. She is also mentioned in Luke as one of the many women who provided for Jesus’ ministry “out of their own resources,” suggesting that these women were persons of some financial means who served as patrons for Jesus and his male disciples. And always remember - the non-historical tradition that Mary Magdalene had once been a prostitute derived from confusion of her with the unnamed woman in Luke 7:36-50. |
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| Differences Between Matthew and Mark |
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| 1) Matthew includes Nativity Story, that is different from the one present in Luke, 2) Matt includes genealogy of Jesus, 3) Mark’s story of the temptation is more primitive than elaborate version in Matthew, 4) Matthew embellished the earthquake, dead rising from the dead, the curtain et al, 5) In Matthew Pilate sent soldiers to guard Jesus’ tomb so when the body was resurrected they bribed to say the disciples stole the body. |
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Boring says 90-100
O’Day thinks it’s earlier because of the historical connections she sees in the book (maybe 80s), Shaner thinks early 2nd century because of neoPlatonism and being in conversation with gnostic gospels |
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| 60s CE (pre-Temple destruction in 70 CE). Traditionally Rome or Syria and Palestine. Shaner seems to favor Syria and Palestine |
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Matthew
(Date and Provence) |
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| 80-90 CE. Most scholars say Antioch in Syria |
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