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| The region witnessed many new cultural ideas that subsequently diffused widely to other portions of the world. |
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| Buildup of toxic salts in the soil. |
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tapping into ground water through a series of gently sloping tunnels. Widely used in Arabian Peninsula and in North Africa |
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| Water supplies stored underground during earlier and wetter climatic periods |
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| The interplay of water resource issues and politics. |
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Maghreb region (“Western Island”) |
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| Includes the nations of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia and is dominated near the Mediterranean coastline by the Atlas Mountains. |
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| Eastern Mediterranean Region, mountains rise within 20 miles of the sea, and the highlands of Lebanon reach heights of more than 10,000 feet. |
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| Refers to the large peninsula of Turkey, sometimes called Asia Minor |
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| A statistic that relates the number of people to the amount of arable land |
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| Where plants and animals were purposefully selected and bred for their desirable characteristics. |
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| an ecologically diverse zone that stretches from the Levant inland through the fertile hill country of northern Syria into Iraq |
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| Traditional form of subsistence agriculture in which people depend on the seasonal movement of livestock for a large part of their livelihood |
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| Seasonally moving livestock to cooler, greener high country pastures in the summer and then returning them to valley and lowland settings for fall and winter grazing |
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| transport precious water and nutrients from more humid lands into drier regions, where the resources are utilized for irrigated farming. |
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| Collectively worked settlements that produce grain, vegetable, and orchard crops irrigated by waters from the Jordan River and from the country’s elaborate canal system. |
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walled urban core, dominated by the central mosque and its nearby bazaar, or suq, serves as a marketplace where products from city and countryside are traded. |
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| British issue it in 1917, considered by some to be a pledge to encourage the “establishment of Palestine as a home for the Jewish people. |
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| Phenomenon as some of a counties brightest young people leave for better jobs in western Europe or the United States |
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| used to refer to the 1949 Armistice lines established between Israel and its neighbours (Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria) after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The Green Line separates Israel not only from these countries but from territories Israel would later capture in the 1967 Six-Day War, including the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Golan Heights and Sinai Peninsula |
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| Making at least one religious pilgrimage to Muhammad’s birthplace of Mekkah |
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| Advocates a conservative adherence to enduring beliefs within their creed and they strongly resist change. Islamism- blames colonial, imperial, and western elements for many of the region’s political, economic, and social problems |
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| Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries- these countries greatly influence global prices and production levels for petroleum. |
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| Turks created, included southeastern Europe and most of Southwest Asia and North Africa. Provided a focus of Muslim political power within the region until the empires’s disintegration in the late 19th early 20th centuries |
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| Turks created, included southeastern Europe and most of Southwest Asia and North Africa. Provided a focus of Muslim political power within the region until the empire’s disintegration in the late 19th early 20th centuries |
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| A quasi-governmental body that represents Palestinian interests in the West Bank and Gaza |
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| A book of teachings received by Muhammad from Allah (GOD), represents God’s highest religious and moral revelations to mankind |
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| Favored passing power on within Muhammad’s own family, specifically to Ali, his son-in-law |
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| British-engineered, linked the Mediterranean and Red seas in 1869, European banks and trading companies gained more influence over the Egyptian economy. |
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| Advocates passing power down through the established clergy. – sect killed Ali, and sent the Shiites underground. Sect of Islam that dominates (73 percent) the Southwest Asia and North Africa Region. |
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