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| branch of biology concerned with heredity, passing of characteristics from parent to offspring |
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| each characteristic of an organism |
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| large molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus |
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| smaller units of nucleic acids |
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| What is the shape of DNA called? |
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| twisted ladder or double helix |
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| before a cell divides, its DNA makes a copy of itself in a process called___. |
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| structures that contain the genetic information that is passed down from one generation to the next |
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| section of a chromosome that determine a trait. |
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| RNA copies information from DNA and transports it to the ribosomes, where proteins are made. |
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| The instructions for protein production are carried in ___. |
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| What are 3 components of nucleotides? |
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| sugar, nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group |
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| What is the name of the sugar in DNA? |
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| What is the name of the sugar in RNA? |
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| How many strands does DNA contain? |
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| How many strands does RNA contain? |
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| Name the four bases in DNA |
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| Name the four bases in RNA |
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| is the complete process by which cells make protein: It occurs in 2 steps: transcription and translation |
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messenger RNA (mRNA)
transfer RNA (tRNA)
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) |
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Uses DNA as a template, or pattern to make a complementary strand of RNA. Two major exceptions as compared to DNA replication
1 strand of nucleotides are produced
uracil replaces thymine |
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| RNA that forms during transcription and carries the instructions for making proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm |
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| is a group of three consecutive nitrogenous bases that either codes for a specific amino acid or marks the end of a protein |
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| is the conversion of information in the mRNA into a sequence of amino acids |
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| carries amino acids to the mRNA, where they are joined to make proteins |
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| is RNA that makes up part of the structure of a ribosome and assists in translation |
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| the process by which the information carried in genes is used to make proteins or direct other cell activities |
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| is a set of three nitrogenous bases on tRNA molecule with bases that are complementary to a codon on an mRNA molecule |
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