25th Amendment

 1970

In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice-President will take his place as President.

Affirmative Action

1970

A policy that seeks to correct the effect of past discrimination by favoring the groups who were previously disadvantaged.

Anwar el-Sadat

1970

Egytian president that got together with prime minister Begin and Carter in Jerusalem. Together they formed the Camp David Accords.

Apartheid

1970

Meaning "apartness". System that divided South Africans into four segregated racial groups- whites, blacks, coloreds of mixed race, and Asians.

Ayatollah Khomeini

1970

Muslim religious leader who led rebels in overthrowing the shah and establishing a religious state based on strict obedience to the Qur'an.

Bob Woodward/

Carl Bernstein

1970

Two Washington Post reporters that uncovered information that linked members of the administration to the Watergate burglary.

Camp David

Accords

1970

Agreements between Israel and Egypt, reached in negotiations at Camp David in 1978.

Clarence Thomas

1970

Nominated to take Thurgood Marshall's place, accused of sexually harassing co-worker Anita Hill.

Department of Energy

1970

Part of Carter's plans to conserve energy and research new energy resources. It also began the National Energy Act of 1973.

Detente

1970

Easing of tensions that was adopted by President Nixon and his adviser Henry Kissinger in their dealings with communist nations.

Election

of 1976

1970

Gerald Ford- Rebulican, Nixon pardon, Stagflation

Jimmy Carter- Democrat, Peanut farmer, Promised to be different.

Energy Crisis

1970

Nuclear Power, Solar Energy, Three Mile Island. Formation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Environmental Protection

Agency

1970

An agency est. for the regulation of water and air pollution, toxic waste, pesticides, and radiation.

Equal Rights

Amendment

1970

Proposed amendement that would have prohibited any government discrimination on the basis of sex.

Helsinki Accords

1970

A series of agreements that promised greater cooperation between the nations of Eastern and Western Europe.

Iran-Contra

Affair

1970

Terrorist took a number of Americans hostage in Lebanon. Reagan denounced Iran and urged U.S. allies not to sell arms to Iran for its war against Iraq. We then traded hostages for weapons.

Iran Hostage

Crisis

1970

Terrorists took hostages for 444 days. Carter tried one rescue attempt that failed due to a storm in the desert, Iranians released the hostages minutes after Reagan took the oath of office.

Jimmy Carter

1970

Focused his administration on the Energy Crisis. Created the Department of Energy and the National Energy act of 1973

John Dean

1970

Presidential Counsel, one of the men investigated in the Watergate Scandal. He delivered the first bomb.

Menachem Begin

1970

Prime minister, one of the three leaders who created the Camp David Accords.

National Energy

Act

1970

Law that est. a tax on "gas-guzzling" automobiles, removed price controls on U.S. oil and natural gas, also provided tax credits for the developments of alternative energy sources.

Nelson Mandela

1970

A black anti-apartheid leader whom the white government had imprisoned for nearly 30 years.

New Federalism

1970

President Nixon's program to turn over part of the federal government's power to state and local governments.

Three Mile

Island

1970

Plant near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania that

had a nuclear reactor malfunction. The reactor over heated after its cooling system failed.

Nuclear Power

1970

Good alternative for oil energy, however its very dangerous  to people and the environment.

Regents of the University of California

V.

Bakke

1970

Bakke, a white male was not admitted  to the school despite his test scores and grades. Ruled racial quotas (affirmative action, reverse discrimination) unconstitutional.

Reverse discrimination

1970

Favoring one group over another on the

basis of race or gender.

Roe V. Wade

1970

Court ruled first-trimester abortions were protected by a woman's right to privacy.

SALT I and II

1970

Agreement between U.S. and Soviet Union at limited the nations numbers of intercontinental ballistc missles and submarine-launched missles. Also restricted the testing of nuclear bombs

Watergate Scandal

1970

Scandal rising from Nixon administration's attempt to cover up its involvement in the break-in at the Democractic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate apartment complex.

Sam Ervin/

Senate Watergate Committee

1970

Senator who called the administration to give a testimony during the Watergate Scandal. (During the Senate's own investigation of Watergate).

Stagflation

1970

An economic condition marked by both inflation and high unemployment.

Sunbelt States

1970

Warmer states, warmer climates

Swan V.

Charlotte Mecklenburg

Schools

1970

Court ruled that school districts may bus students to other schools to end the pattern of all-black or all-white educational institutions.

Yom Kippur

War

1970

Syria and Egypt invaded Israel on Yom Kippur, most sacred Jewish holiday. War was short but brutal. U.S. provided massive military aid to Israel.

Airline deregulation

1980

Cut back of federal regulation of industry, allowing airlines to abandon unprofitable air routes.

Challenger disaster

1980

The explosion of the Challenger as it launched into space.

Election

of 1980

1980

Reagan and Bush ran against Jimmy Carter and Walter Mondale.

Election of

1984

1980

Reagan and Bush-Republicans

Carter and Ferraro-Democrats

Geraldine Ferraro was the first woman on a major party's presidential ticket.

Election of

1988

1980

George Bush promised "No New Taxes".

Ran against Michael Dukakis.

Glasnost

1980

The open discussion of social problems that was permitted in the Soviet Union in the 1980s.

New Right

Coalition

1980

An alliance of conservative special-

interest groups concerned with cultural, social, and moral issues.

Mikhail Gorbachev

1980

General Secretary of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union. Advocated Glasnost and Perestroika.

Perestroika

1980

The restructing of the economy and the government in the Soviet Union.

Fall of the

Berlin Wall

1980

Communist government falls, end of Cold War.

Intermediate-Range Nuclear

Forces (INF) Treaty

1980

Agreement between the U.S.  and the Soviet Union that eliminated some weapons systems and allowed for on-site inspection of military installations.

Microsoft

1980

Computer program invented by Bill Gates, changed the way computers were used.

Sandra Day

O'Connor

1980

She was the first women on the

Supreme Court.

Strategic Defense Initiative

(Star Wars)

1980

Defense system that is supposed to protect the U.S. against missle attacks.

Supply-side

economics

1980

The idea that a reduction of tax rates will lead to increases in jobs, savings, and investments, and an increase in government revenue.

Ronald Reagan

1980

Former president, he increased military spending and invested in SDI to confron the Soviet Union.

Texas V. Johnson

1980

Court ruled that burning a flag is protected by a right given in the first amendment.

Tiananmen Square

1980

Demonstrations in Beijing, China where Chinese students demanded freedom of speech and a greater voice in government.

Bill Clinton

1990

Won the election of 1992 and 1996. Accused of taking part in fraudulent loans in the Whitewater affair. Denied sexual relations with a White House intern. Later is impeached for lying.

Bill Gates

1990

The creator of Microsoft, helped changed the way computers were used.

Election of

1992

1990

Bush-Republican(promotes family values) V. Clinton-Democrat(new image) V. Perot-Independent

Clinton wins in the end.

Election of

1996

1990

Dole-Republican(failure to Clinton's healthcare plan) V. Clinton-Democrat(able to pass budgets and min. wage bills

V.Perot(Reform)

Clinton wins election.

Graying of America

1990

The baby boomers generation is getting old.

NAFTA

1990

The North American Free Trade Agreement- treaty that lowered tariffs and brought Mexico into the freetrade zone established by the U.S. and Canada.

Al Gore

1990

Ran against Bush in the 2000 election. In this election it took more than 30 days to have a winning candidate.

"Axis of Evil"

2000

After September 11 happend, Bush made a speech stating that Iraq, Iran, and North Korea were evil and we are at war with them.

Airport Security

2000

Random security checks

Afghanistan

2000

Terrorist Networks, Al-Qalda, Taliban

No Child Left Behind

2000

This plan called for more accountability by states for students' success, mandatory achievement testing, and more school options available for parents.

27th Amendment

1990

Congressional Pay

NASDAQ in the

1990s

1990

National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System- a stock exchange for over-the-counter sales, comprised largely of technology companies.

"Trickle-down"

theory

1990

Tax cut income taxes and business taxes by an average of 25%; the largest tax cuts went to those with the highest income. The profits at the top (high class) would trickle down to middle class, even the poor.

National debt

1990

Tax cuts had helped the rich while social welfare cuts hurt the poor. Federal spending continued to go up.

New Democrat

1990

Clinton promised to move away from traditional Democratic policies. He also emphasized the need to move people off of welfare and called for growth in private business.

Al-Quaeda

2000

Terrorist group that is believed to be responsible for the 9/11 attacks.

Bilingual Education

2000

Spanish speakers can attend school and vote in their own language.

Bush Doctrine

2000

Bush wanted to bring morality back, do tax cuts, new energy plan, public school reform, and strategic defense

Colin Powell

2000

Served first in Vietnam then in Korea, and West Germany. He rose in rank and became a general. President Reagan made him national security adviser.

Department of

Homeland Security

2000

Government body set up to coordinate national efforts to combat terrorism. The federal government increased its involvement in aviation security.

George W. Bush

2000

Former president, planned to bring morality back, tax cuts, No Child Left Behind, New energy plan, came up with the "Axis of Evil"

Patriot Act

2000

Bugging phones so they can spy in on comversations that might deal with bombs or a threat to the U.S.

Osama bin Laden

2000

Leader of the terrorist group al-Qaeda

Multiculturalism

2000

the doctrine that several different cultures can coexist peacefully.

Green Card

2000

a registration card, granting an immigrant from a foreign country permission to reside and be employed in the U.S. or other country.

AIDS

1990

Disease caused by a virus that weakens the immune system. Makes the body prune to infections and other wise rare forms of cancer.

Nuclear proliferation

2000

The spread of nuclear weapons to states that had not previously maintained nuclear forces.

September 11, 2001

2000

two commercial jets struck the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City.

World Trade

Center

2000

Center in New York City where two jets hit the twin towers while the third plane tore into the Pentagon Building.

War in Iraq

2000

After September 11, the Bush Administration began waging a war against terrorism. It began in Afganistan then soon spread to Iraq.

Saddam Hussein

1980

Leader of Iraq, he refused to be inspected for arms, he was ordered to leave the country, he was found hiding in a hole in the ground.

Newt Gingrich

1990

Republican congressman that began to turn voters' dissatisfaction (in the health care plans) with Clinton into support for Republicans.

Nativist

2000

Someone who studies the interests of native-born people over foreign-born people.

Persian Gulf

War

1980

Hussein claimed that the oil-riched nation of Kuwait was really part of Iraq so Iraq invaded Kuwait.

Taliban Regime

2000

Afghan troops that fought during the War on Iraq.

Ross Perot

1990

Third party candidate in the Election of 1992, Texas billionare. Targeted federal budget deficit as the number one problem.