What are the main elements of JIT? (5)

Put 1) as the most important

1) Balance system of consistent flows

2) No disruptions

3) No waste

4) Flexibility

5) Continuous improvement (Kaizen)

What are Ohno's Seven Wastes? (7)

What are the 5Ss relating to waste? (5)

1) Overproduction                             2) Queues

3) Transportation                              4) Inventory

5) Motion                                         6) Overprocessing

7) Defects

1) Sort

2) Simplify

3) Shine

4) Standardize

5) Sustain  

What is Throughput and how does it relate to Manufacturing cycle time?

What system does JIT use?

Throughput is the time required to move a product from receipt to delivery.

Manufacturing cycle time is the earlier time frame in which the entire production process is examined.

JIT uses a pull system

1) Distance reduction - b/w workers

2) Increased flexibility - can be re-arranged

3) Impact on employees - cross trained employees

4) Reduced space and inventory

1) Reduce inventory and variability

2) Reduced lot sizes

3) Reduced setup costs

What are some elements of JIT Scheduling? (2)

What are the advantages of these two elements?

1) Level schedules - frequent small batches rather then big batches

2) Kanban - Signal system

Due to small batches the Kanban system can make sure that time and cost is reduced.

1) Inventory costs are removed, quality easier to get

2) Easier to spot errors without inventory and fix them

3) No buffers, inventory doesn't hide bad quality

1) Continuous improvement

2) Respect for people

3) Standard work practice

1) Planning

2) Scheduling

3) Controlling

1) Work is defined

2) Job is unique and unfamiliar

3) Complex tasks

4) Temporary but important

5) Cuts organizational lines

What is a Gantt chart?

What tasks do they help to accomplish? (4)

It is a planning chart used to schedule resources and allocate time.

1) Activities are planned

2) Order of performance documented

3) Activity time estimates recorded

4) Project time developed

1) Relationship of activities

2) Shows precedence b/w activities

3) Encourages realistic time and cost measurements

4) Better use of resources

What does PERT and CPM stand for and what is the difference between the two?

What steps do they both follow? (6)

PERT is Program Evaluation and Review Techniques

CPM is Critical Path Method

PERT employs 3 times estimates for an activity

CPM that uses one time factor per activity

1) Define project, prepare structure

2) Develop relationships b/w activities

3) Draw networks

4) Assign times/costs

5) Compute longest path (Critical path)

6) Use network to plan, schedule and control

AON is Arrow on node, it is a network diagram that uses nodes.

AON is Arrow on Arrow, it is a network diagram that uses arrows.

What is a forward pass?

What is a backward pass?

What is the slack time?

What is total slack time?

Forward pass is a process that identifies the early start and early finish times

Backward pass is a process that identifies the late start and late finish times

The oppourtunity cost of taking the critical path rather then the best path. (Backward - Forward)

The total amount of slack not from the best path.

1) Optimistic time

2) Pessimistic time

3) Most likely time

What is Crashing?

How is it achieved?

Shortening an activity time in a network to reduce time.

Achieved by giving up additional costs in order to increase speed.