Term
| What is the redox reaction of cell respiration? |
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Definition
| Glucose is oxidized to form CO2, so it is the reducing agent. Oxygen gets reduced to H2O so it is the oxidizing agent. YOU TAKE GLUCOSE, OXIDIZE IT COMPLETELY, RELEASE OF ELECTRONS THAT OTHERS ACCEPT TO REDUCE TO HELP MAKE ATP. |
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Term
| The three types of cellular respiration |
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Definition
Glyoclysis (anaerobic): makes 2 ATP and 2 NADH, requires no oxygen, primative
Pyruvate oxidation and krebs cycle are aerobic: at the end, 2 FADH2, 8 NADH and 2 ATP are made
Electron Transport Chain: oxidative phosphorylation/chemiosmosis to make lots of ATP from NADH and FADH2 |
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Term
| Quickly summarize Cell resp |
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Definition
| 1. Glycolysis which makes 2 pyruvate and 2 ATP, 2 NADH 2. Pyruvate oxidation to form Acetyl-CoA: 2 CO2 exhaled, 2 NADH made 3. Krebs Cycle to make NADH, ATP and FADH2, results in 6 NADH, 2 ATP and 2 FADH2 4. Electron Transport chain breaks up electron carriers, proton gradient to make ATP (3 per NADH and 2 per FADH2 from krebs cycle) |
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Term
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Definition
| Glucose gets primed in the cytoplasm. It gets primed by ATP hydrolysis to ADP and Pi where the Pi group gets added to both sides of the glucose molecule (P-C-C-C-C-C-C-P). Initially the P is on the right, gets moved left for next P. USES ATP ENERGY AS ACTIVATION ENERGY |
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Term
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Definition
| Glucose gets cleaved in the 2nd cleavage. It uses an enzyme (isomerase) to break up the glucose molecule into P-C-C-C and C-C-C-P, an enzyme comes in to move the P over to the right so that both are G3P (C-C-C-P) |
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Term
| Step 3 and 4 of glycolysis |
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Definition
| This step is energy harvest. Initially G3P gets INSANELY oxidized to make NADH, but the energy released is HUGE. then a phosphate group is added from a free floating P so it becomes P-C-C-C-P (intermediate molecule), now ATP is formed by taking the P and being added to ADP. Enzyme rearranges P to be on top of carbons and then H2O leaves to make PEP. Remaining P is used to make ATP and pyruvate is product (C-C-C) |
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Term
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Definition
| Net yield: 2 ATP (would be 4 but initial loss of 2 during priming), and 2 NADH to help invest electrons to make more ATP later |
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Term
| Energy transformations in glycolysis |
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Definition
| Steady climb of potential energy with redox reactions in priming and cleaving. Big event occurs when G3P oxidizes to make NADH from NAD+ (biggest energy loss) and then redox reactions sllowly lower in energy. |
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Term
| What is glycolysis and its past? |
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Definition
| Glyco-lysis: sugar-breakdown. It is an inefficient method of making ATP but it is the most common among all living things. Believed to be the evolutionary start of cellular respiraiton. Ancient/primative pathway. |
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Term
| What is the evolutionary perspective on Glycolysis? |
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Definition
| Prokaryotes were simple so they did glycolysis because they didnt need much ATP. the atmosphere was also anaerobic so there was no free O2. Energy had to be captured from organic compounds other than oxygen. Prokaryotes that evolved glycolysis are ancestors of all modern live, because ALL cells utilize the process. O2 gathered so more complex and better processes were made for the more complex eukaryotes evolving. |
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Term
| Steps of cancer and glycolysis |
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Definition
| 1. cells concentrate to form tumor 2. insufficient oxygen intake by the tumor cells 3. aerobic metabolism is significantly reduced 3. lack of oxygen forces cells to depend on anerobic respiration 4. cancer begins to spread radily because it is separate from blood vessels and the main body systems and due to high Cycling D1 levels 5. mitochondria production and function reduced |
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