Term
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Definition
| the oxidation of glucose to pyruvate (aerobic) or lactate (anaerobic) |
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Term
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Definition
| produce energy from glucose |
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Term
| where does glycolysis occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the first ATP of glycolysis used? |
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Definition
| during the phosphorlyation of glucose from GLUCOSE to GLUCOSE-6-PO4 |
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Term
| what is the purpose of hexokinase and glucokinase? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the differences between hexokinase and glucokinase? |
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Definition
Hexokinase Glucokinase
- all cells - liver, pancreas (beta cells)
-any hexose -glucose only
- inhbited by G-6-PO4 (allosteric) - induced by insulin (inhibited by glucagon)
- low km for glucose - high km for glucose
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Term
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Definition
may be poitive or negative (inhibits the enzyme)
regulation is reversible |
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Term
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Definition
increase synthesis of the enzyme
increase amount of the enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
concentration of substrate needed for a reaction to proceed at 1/2 velocity
inversely related to affinity (low km infers high affinity b/n the enzyme and its subtrate) |
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Term
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Definition
allosterically regulated
inhibited by: ATP, citrate
induced by: AMP, ADP, fructose-2,6-bisphosphate
induction: insulin increases the amount of PFK-I synthesized |
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Term
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Definition
| major-rate controlling enzyme in glycolysis |
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Term
| where is the second ATP of glycolysis used? |
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Definition
| frutose-6-po4 to fructose-1,6-bis-po4 |
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Term
| where does oxidative phosphorylation occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| oxidative phosphorylation |
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Definition
| the formation of ATP via the electron transport chain |
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Term
| max # of ATP produced via oxidative phosphorylation |
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Definition
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Term
| substrate level phosphorylation |
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Definition
| transfer of a po4 group from a high-E compound to ADP to form ATP |
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Term
| where does substrate level phosphorylation occur |
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Definition
| cytoplasm and mitochondria |
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Term
| # of ATP formed via substrate level phosphorylation |
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Definition
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Term
| where are ATP produced in glycolysis? |
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Definition
1,3-bis-P-glycerate to 3-P-glycerate
PEP to pyruvate |
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Term
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Definition
| lactate formed in muscle from anaerobic glycolysis may be sent to liver for synthesis of glucose (glucose may be returned to the muscle) |
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Term
| cost of operating glycolysis as a closed system |
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Definition
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Term
| glycolysis as closed system |
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Definition
-NADH + H is used to convert pyruvate to lactate instead of the H's being sent to the ETC
-regenerates NAD for the rx of Gly-3-po4 to 1,3-bis-P-glycerate to keep glycolysis going
- OF SIGNIFIGANCE TO: MUSCLE DURING ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS & RBC which lacks mitochondria
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