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GLY110 Exam 1
Exam 1
38
Geology
Undergraduate 1
09/30/2007

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Term
Non Revewable, Potentially Renewable, Perpetual
Definition
Types of Resources
Term
Resource
Definition
anything we get from the environment that meets our needs or wants
Term
Limiting Resources
Definition
Soil, water, forests
Term
Pollution
Definition
one substance contaminated by another
Term
Natural Disasters
Definition
sudden, destructive changes resulting from long-term geologic processes
Term
Geologic Hazard
Definition
natural disasters waiting to happen
Term
Earth's Subsystems
Definition
atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, pedosphere, and lithosphere
Term
Lithosphere
Definition
Earth's rocky outer shell
Term
Pedosphere
Definition
"Earth's Skin" including soil
Term
Biosphere
Definition
-sphere where living creature inhabit
Term
Atmosphere
Definition
-sphere where gases are found
Term
Hydrosphere
Definition
-sphere where water exists
Term
Most abundant gas on the planet
Definition
Nitrogen is...
Term
Magnitude
Definition
measure of amount of energy released from natural disaster
Term
Recurrence Interval
Definition
How frequently does this type of event occur in a particular region for natural disasters?
Term
Risk
Definition
determined by: probability of event occuring times consequences if it occurs
Term
Mineral
Definition
naturally occurring, inorganic substance
Term
Silicate Minerals
Definition
Most common mineral in lithosphere
Term
silicon-oxygen tetrahedron
Definition
basic building block of a silicate
Term
Oxides
Definition
combine with negatively charged oxygen ion (hematite)
Term
Sulfides
Definition
combinations of a metal with sulfur (pyrite)
Term
Carbonates
Definition
combinations of a metal with the CO3 ion (calcite)
Term
Igneous Rocks
Definition
formed from molten or partly molten material below ground (intrusive) or above ground (extrusive)
Term
Sedimentary Rocks
Definition
formed from fragments of preexisting rock or by biological or chemical action
Term
Metamorphic Rock
Definition
changed by heat, fluids and/or pressure within crust
Term
Superposition work
Definition
younger sediment sits on top of older
Term
Asbestos
Definition
a mineral with a fibrous structure
Term
Serpentine Group
Definition
Asbestos group including chrysolite -- most commonly used
Term
Amphilbole Group
Definition
Asbestos group that is more toxic
Term
Divergent
Definition
lithosphere splits up and move apart (rifting)
Term
Convergent
Definition
lithosphere collides at active margins (subduction of oceanic crust)
Term
Transform
Definition
plates sideswipe each other
Term
Soil
Definition
an internally organized, natural body of weathered minerals and organic matter (humus) capable of supporting life
Term
Soil Forming Factors
Definition
Climate, Organic Activity, Relief, Parent Material, Time (CORPT)
Term
Oxidation
Definition
transfer of electrons:
Fe + O2 = Fe oxide
makes soil red
Term
Hydrolysis
Definition
H2CO3 + silicate minerals = clay minerals
Clay can't hold water well
Term
Soil Horizons
Definition
O-Humus, A-Topsoil, B-Subsoil, C-Bedrock, and beyond
Term
Steps of Desertification
Definition
Overgrazing, Urbanization, poor farming, loss of ground water
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