Term
| Why might a cell switch to anaerobic respiration as its major source of usable energy? |
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Definition
| Has an insufficient amount of oxygen |
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Term
| What is meant by the term oxygen debt? |
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Definition
| Anaerobic usage of ATP molecules produced through oxidation |
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Term
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Definition
Glucose molecules from a strand of glucose beads;
Decrease in blood glucose levels |
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrolyzed; can be broken down by water |
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Term
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Definition
| Monnosachride that provides sugar energy |
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Term
| The 6 hormones that affect glucose metabolism: |
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Definition
1. Insulin
2. Glucogen
3. Epinephrine
4. Adrenocorticotripic Hormone (ACTH)
5. Growth Hormone
6. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone |
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Term
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Definition
Secreted by Beta Cells
Decreases blood glucose levels by moving glucose out of blood and into cells |
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Term
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Definition
Secreted by Beta Cells
Increases blood glucouse levels
Increases enzyme activities |
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Term
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Definition
Secreted by Adrenal Medulla
Increases phosphorylase activity
Increases liver and muscle glycogenolysis |
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Term
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
(ACTH)
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Definition
Secreted by the Glucorticoids
Increases blood glucose concentration |
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Term
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Definition
Secreted by the Anterior Pituitary Gland
Increases blood glucose levels by shifting carbs into fat |
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Term
| Thyroid Stimulting Hormone |
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Definition
Secreted by Aneterior Pituitary Gland
Increases thyroxine |
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Term
Hyperglycemic/ Hyperglycemia
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Definition
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Term
Hypoglycemic/Hypoglycemia
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Definition
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Term
| If the pyruvic acid doens't have enough oxygen to enter the citric acid cycle what happens? |
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Definition
| The pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid instead of CoA |
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Term
| What is the normal range of blood glucose level? |
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Definition
| 80-100 mg/100 ml of blood |
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Term
|
Definition
Occurs in cytoplasm
Anaerobic
Starts with Glucose
Produces 2 pyruvic acid |
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Term
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Definition
| What ATP hasn't been used |
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Term
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Definition
Occurs in the Mitochondria
Aerobic
Starts with 2 pyruvic acid
Produces 4 carbon dioxide and 6 H2O
Can create citric acid |
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Term
| Electon Transport Chain/ Oxidative phosphorylation |
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Definition
Occurs in the inner mitochondrial Membrane
Final electron acceptor is oxygen
Primary product is 34 ATP |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cellulose; helps prevent constipation and reduces change of colorectal cancer |
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Term
|
Definition
Transfers energy from chemical bonds into energy absorbing reactions
Consists of adenine, nucleotide, and two phosphate groups |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Lactose
2. Sucrose
3. Maltose |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Phosphate Groups in Glycolysis |
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Definition
| Break high energy, create ADP from ATP |
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Term
| What converts monosaccharides glactose and fructose into glucose? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most carbs are _______ by the body into glucose; A small portion is _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is used when glucose is insufficient? |
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Definition
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Term
| Glucose must _____ to react with ATP and form ADP |
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Definition
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Term
| For every 1 glucose molecule = ___ ATP are formed in Glycolysis |
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Definition
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Term
| In Citric Acid Cyles, the 2 pyruvic acid must be converted into ______ releasing carbon dioxide molecules... |
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Definition
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Term
| Oxidative Phosphorylation refers to: |
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Definition
| Joining of a Phosphate group to ADP and ATP |
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Term
| What is important in Glycogenesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Homeostatic mechanism occurs when: |
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Definition
| blood glucose levels increase above the midpoint of the normal range |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood glucose levels decrease to gain normal satus |
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Term
| What does Glycogenolysis do? |
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Definition
| Increases blood glucose levels |
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Term
|
Definition
Forms new glucose;
Made from protein or glycerol
Occurs mostly in liver
Increases blood glucose levels |
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