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| (1893-1976) Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Established China as the People’s Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976. |
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| Economic aid from the United States used to rebuild Europe after World War II. Named after United States Secretary of State George Marshall. |
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| A term popularized by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to describe the Soviet Union’s policy of isolation during the Cold War. The Iron Curtain isolated Eastern Europe from the rest of the world. Its most poignant symbol was the Berlin Wall. |
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| The economic program designed to increase farm and industrial output though the creation of communes. Communes are similar to Soviet collectives in that groups of people live and work together on government owned farms and in government owned industry. |
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| The idea that countries bordering communist countries were in more danger of falling to communism unless the United States and other western nations worked to prevent it. |
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| A policy during the Cold War which was aimed at relaxing tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. The policy calls for increase diplomatic and commercial activity. |
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| A group of communist guerillas in Cambodia during the late 20th century, led by Pol Pot, that gained control of Cambodia after the withdrawal of American troops from the Vietnam War. The initiated a reign of terror, killing over a million people to remove all western influence from the country. This gross violation of human rights ended when Vietnam invaded and occupied the country in 1979. In the 1990s, the United Nations negotiated a peace settlement, and began the democratic process in Cambodia. |
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| (1894-1971) Leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964. Khrushchev was critical of Stalin’s policies and attempted to reverse some of them. He is responsible for placing nuclear missiles in Cuba which resulted in the Cuban Missile Crisis. |
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization, an international defense alliance between the United States, Great Britain, and others formed in 1949 as a response to the spread of communism. |
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| (1918 - )A black South African leader who protested the policy of Apartheid and spent over thirty years in prison before becoming the first black president of South Africa. |
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| Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) |
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| One time terrorist organization, now considered to be a legitimate political body whose goals have been to create a nation-state for the displaced Palestinians. The PLO is lead by Yasir Arafat. |
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| (1887-1975) Leader of the Guomindang, or Nationalist Party in China. Fought to keep China from becoming communist, and to resist the Japanese during World War II. He lost control of China in 1949, and fled to Taiwan where he setup a rival government. Also known as Chang Kai Shek. |
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| A cold war policy that called for containing communism to areas already under its influence. This policy was proposed by U.S. President Harry Truman. |
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| Line of latitude which divided North and South Korea. |
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| [image](1926?- ) Leader of the Cuban Revolution and communist dictator of Cuba. He is responsible for making Cuba a socialist country which has often been at odds with the United States. Notably, the bay of Pigs invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis. |
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| (1906-1982) Leader of the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982. During his control of the Soviet Union, relations with the West, as well as the Soviet economy, experienced a long period of stagnation. |
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| An unsuccessful invasion of Cuba in 1961, which was sponsored by the United States. Its purpose was to overthrow Cuban dictator Fidel Castro. |
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| A promise made by British Prime Minister Balfour to create a homeland for the Jewish people. |
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| (1931- ) President of Russia. He was elected before the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. He served until 1999. Yeltsin was instrumental in keeping a cout d’etat from occurring which would have returned hard line communists to power in Russia. |
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| Yasir Arafat lead the PLO |
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| A political policy in South Africa where black South Africans could only live in certain areas, were required to use separate trains, beaches, restaurants, and schools, and could not enter into an interracial marriage. |
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| (1900?-1989) Islamic religious leader who led a fundamentalist revolution in Iran in 1979. Ruled until 1989. |
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| March the Mao Zedong and his Communist Party underwent to avoid being captured and killed by China’s Nationalist Party. |
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| A policy if the Truman presidency that called for supporting any nation resisting communism. |
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| An international defense alliance between the Soviet Union and many of its Eastern European satellite states as a response to NATO. Formed in 1955. |
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| (1890-1969) Vietnamese leader who is responsible for ousting first the French, then the United States from his country. Supported by both communist China and the Soviet Union, he guided Vietnam through decades long warfare to emerge as a communist nation. |
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| (1961) Crises that developed as a result of Cuban dictator Fidel Castro’s decision to allow the Soviet Union to base nuclear missiles in Cuba. Upon discovery, the United States confronted the Soviet Union and demanded the missiles be removed. For nearly two weeks, nuclear war was imminent. Fortunately, diplomacy succeeded and crisis was averted. |
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| (1931- ), leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. His policies of Perestroika and Glasnost, which aimed at revitalizing the Soviet Union contributed to the downfall of communism. |
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| A policy of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev which called for more openness with the nations of West, and a relaxing of restraints on Soviet citizenry. |
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| The removal of people of a specific ethnic group by means of genocide, terror, or forced expulsion. |
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- (1904-1997) Chinese Communist leader. Ruled from 1978 until 1997.
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| A policy of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to revitalize the Soviet economy by opening it up to more free enterprise. |
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| An economic and social program that called for limited privatization of agriculture and industry, encouraged foreign investment and foreign trade, and resulted in a boost for the Chinese economy. Unlike the Great Leap Forward, the Four Modernizations was an economic success. |
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| (1860-1904) Leader of Zionist movement to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine. |
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| ("uprising")-in 1987 young palestinians who had grown up under Israeli occupations in the west bank and gaza strip began a series of violent demenstrations. |
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| Nixon sighned an agreement with soviet leaders. this was to limit nuclear missiles. |
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| South Vietnamease Communist, with north Vietnameaese support., they had launcheed a gurrilla warfare against the south government. |
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| in 1978, egyption President Anwar el-Sadat and isreal's prime minister invited to campdavid.They agreed that isreal would return any land taken from egypt in exchange for peace between the two countries, ending 30 years of warfare. |
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