Term
|
Definition
| Theory of the universe that states the earth is the center, and that the sun revolves around it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Theory of the universe that states the sun is the center, and that the earth revolves around it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An offshoot of the Renaissance in which scientists questioned traditional beliefs about the workings of the universe. One of the main ideas to come out of the Scientific Revolution was the use of the Scientific Method. The Scientific Method uses observation and experimentation to explain theories on how the universe works. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (1564-1642) Italian astronomer. One of the founders of Europe's scientific revolution, one of his main contributions is the application of the telescope to astronomy. He was able to prove Copernicus’ heliocentric model correct. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The spreading of ideas through contact such as trade or war. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Uses observation and experimentation to explain theories on the workings of the universe. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Concept of John Locke’s that states all people have the right to life, liberty, and property. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Theory of Thomas Hobbes that states the people form a social contract with government where they give up all rights for protection from other citizens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The legislative body of France. Composed of representatives from the three estates which are Clergy in the First Estate, Nobles in the Second Estate, and peasants in the Third Estate. Each Estate is entitled to one vote on legislative matters. The Estates General was never as strong as the British Parliament of the American Congress. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term given to the middle class people in society. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In colonial Latin America, American born Spanish gentry, They owned most of the land but were treated like second class citizens, and were denied political rights.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In colonial Latin America, Spanish official sent to govern Latin American colonies. They controlled government completely.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (1694-1778) French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (1689-1755) Enlightenment thinker from France who wrote a book called, The Spirit of the Laws in 1748. In his book, Montesquieu describes what he considers to be the best government. He states that government should divide itself according to its powers, creating a Judicial, Legislative, and Executive branch. Montesquieu explained that under this system each branch would Check and Balance the others, which would help protect the people's liberty. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (1712-1778) French writer and Enlightenment philosopher who wrote a book called, The Social Contract, where he stated that people were basically good, and that society, and its unequal distribution of wealth, were the cause of most problems. Rousseau believed that government should be run according to the will of the majority, which he called the General Will. He claimed that the General Will would always act in the best interest of the people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pride in one’s country or culture, often excessive in nature. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A monarch who retains absolute control of their country while also enacting reform based on Enlightenment ideas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Meeting of European political leaders to reestablish former territorial borders after the end of the Napoleonic Wars and the fall of Napoleon. The Congress was held in Vienna from September 1814 to June 1815, and was dominated by Prince Metternich of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A political policy in which countries attempt to preserve peace by keeping an equal military and economic status. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a dramatic change in ideas, practice, or government. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (1754-1793) King of France between 1774 and 1792. He was overthrown during the French Revolution and later beheaded. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First new government during the first stage of the French Revolution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(1783-1830) Latin American revolutionary responsible for the ousting of Spain from much of South America during the 19th century. He is considered to be the most important figure in the fight for Latin American independence.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the city or town that is the official seat of government in a country, state, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a building or group of buildings with facilities for the manufacture of goods. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an association of individuals, created by law or under authority of law, having a continuous existence independent of the existences of its members, and powers and liabilities distinct from those of its members. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the disposition to preserve or restore what is established and traditional and to limit change. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the production or manufacture of goods in large quantities, esp. by machinery. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a theory or system of social organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution, of capital, land, etc., in the community as a whole. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A zealous but impractical reformer of human society. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| political realism or practical politics, esp. policy based on power rather than on ideals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| | the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban |
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a 19th-century theory, inspired by Darwinism, by which the social order is accounted as the product of natural selection of those persons best suited to existing living conditions and in accord with which a position of laissez-faire is advocated. |
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, esp. as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the class of wage earners, esp. those who earn their living by manual labor or who are dependent for support on daily or casual employment; the working class. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The complex of radical socioeconomic changes, such as the ones that took place in England in the late 18th century, that are brought about when extensive mechanization of production systems results in a shift from home-based hand manufacturing to large-scale factory production. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a political or social philosophy advocating the freedom of the individual, parliamentary systems of government, nonviolent modification of political, social, or economic institutions to assure unrestricted development in all spheres of human endeavor, and governmental guarantees of individual rights and civil liberties. |
|
|
