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| Old stone age, With Nomads and Hunters and gatherers |
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| New stone age, Settled villages and developed new technology |
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| Elements of a civilization |
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1. Language 2. Jobs 3. Economy 4. Government 5. Homes
6. Religion 7. Social Classes |
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A way of life
Examples:
Atheism, Polytheism, Monotheism, Agnosticism |
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a group of people who make laws
Examples:
Monarchy, Democracy, Dictatorship, Communist |
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| Everyone has different jobs |
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| Ancient India and Ancient China |
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| As civilizations developed in the fertile crescent and Egypt, civilizations also developed in India and in China |
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| They had a lot of valleys/ rivers, surrounded by a body of water |
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South Asia
Includes:- Pakistan, -India, -Sri Lanka, -Bangladesh, -Nepal, -Myanmar, -Bhutan
Largely populated |
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| A description of geographic features |
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| Geographical landforms of south asia |
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-Mountain ranges:
1. Himalayas 2. Hindukusch
-Major Rivers:
1. Indus 2. Ganges 3. Brahmaputra |
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| Significance of mountain ranges for the people of south asia |
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1) Isolation- developed a distinct culture
2) Protection |
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-Northern Plains
-Deccan Plateau
-Costal Plains |
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| Very fertile, heavily populated, located between the Himalayas |
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| Raised area of land, less access to water, sparely populated |
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| Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats on the coast, access to sea- trade, fish |
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| Weather patterns of south Asia |
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Seasonal wind
-Wet Monsoons(summer)
-Dry Monsoons(winter)
Both blessing and a curse |
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2 major civilizations that developed:
- Mohenjo-Daro
- Harrapa |
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-Non-violence
-Vegetarians
-Pray in temples
-Made caste system more complex and rigid
Example: untouchables: lowest caste |
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-Sidhartha was a Hindu
-He was from a wealthy family (high caste)
-He was isolated and sheltered
-Ventured out into the world for the first time and witnessed human suffering
-He leaves his family to find the meaning of life
-He fasted and meditated until finally he believed, he understood the cause of suffering
-He was renamed Buddha(enlightened one) |
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1. All of life is full of suffering and pain
2. The cause of suffering is desire
3. The only cure for suffering is to overcome desire
4. The only way to get rid of desire is to follow the eight fold path |
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| Mentions: right speech, right conduct, right effort, live a moral life... |
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-They believed in the ideas of Karma, Dharma and reincarnation
-They believed the final goal is to reach Nirvana
-Buddhist can achieve Nirvana through meditation and not through multiple gods
-Buddhists reject the caste system |
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| The state of wanting nothing |
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-Monks spread the religion from india to the rest of Asia
-Once China became communist the Buddhist influence disappeared |
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| Everyone is equal, no religion |
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1 of the most powerful empires of ancient India:
The Maurya Empire |
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-Named for Emperor Chandragupta Maurya- conquered Northern India (his son and grandson conquered the rest of India)
- Built roads, collected taxes, had harsh laws to keep order |
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| Grandson of Maurya, who was a harsh warrior, but becomes a Buddhist and rejects violence. He sent missionaries to spread Buddhism but was tolerant of other religions |
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-Fertile land among the eastern coast
-Mountains and Plateaus
-Gobi Desert in North- Central China
-3 rivers (river civilization) |
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-Yangtzi River
-Huang He River
-Xi River |
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| Many cities developed including Shanghi |
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-Known as Yellow River or River of Sorrows
-reason for name yellow river is b/c of the yellow silt it leaves behind when it over flows
-reason for name river of sorrows is b/c of the damage cause when it overflows |
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-Used for trade and transport
-Flows into Hong-Kong |
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| Passing down of the monarchy from one generation to the next |
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Explains the rise and fall of dynasties based on support of gods
Example: if the dynasty provided good government, it had the mandate. If the rulers become weak or corrupt, the people believe that the gods withdrew its support |
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-Shang Dynasty
-Zhou Dynasty
-Qin Dynasty
-Han Dynasty |
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-Lasted about 500 years
-Used bronze weapons and horse drawn chariots
-Developed a system of writing that has over 3,000 characters
-Had a calendar
-Invaded Zhou dynasty |
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-Lasted about 900 years
-started to make tools out of iron
-Grew new crops (example: soy beans)
-Expanded trade- built a canal
-Used money for the first time (copper coins)
-Developed 2 famous belief systems:
1.Confucianism
2.Daoism |
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-Confucius was teacher
-His ideas compiled by his followers into a book called: The Analects
-He taught that harmony exists when people know their place in society
-Superior is responsible for inferior
-Superior must set an example for inferior
-Inferior must be loyal and obedient to superior
-Filial Piety
-Honesty and hard work were also valued
-"By nature all men are pretty much a like. It is learning and practice that set them apart." |
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1. Ruler to subject
2. Parent to child
3. Husband to wife
4. Elder brother to younger brother
5. Friend to Friend |
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| Most important is to have respect for your parents |
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- Dao="the way"
-The beliefs of Daoism are mainly the works of philosopher Lao Tzu
-Daoists are primarily interested in nature and the natural order of the universe
-Government should have little control and people should be free to express themselves
-Dao= unseen power and force in nature |
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-Lasted for 15 years
-Used ideas of Legalism to rule
-Harsh treatment of chinese population
-Severely limited freedom of expression
-Murdered many Confucius scholars
-The Great Wall of China |
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-Humans are evil by nature
-People must be restrained by laws and government
-Government is responsible to control the ideas and thoughts of people |
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-Greatest accomplishment of Qin Dynasty
-The purpose of the wall is protection from invaders
-1,400 miles long
-Built by hundreds of thousands of peasants who were treated very harshly
-They were not paid and frequently suffered injuries and death |
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-Lasted 400 years
-Lowered taxes and lessened the punishments for criminal acts
-Strengthened national unity
-Favored Confucianism
-Invention of porcelain and paper
- Developed a major trade route |
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-Extended from China across central Asia to the Middle East
-Chinese products eventually made it to Rome from ports in the Middle East
-The product most in demand was silk
-Silk roads allowed for cultural diffusion
-Buddhism makes its way into China and becomes a rival to confucianism |
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| Was in the Balkans region |
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| The region where greece is found surrounded by oceans |
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- Archipelago
- Peninsula
- Very mountanious |
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| Surrounded by water on 3 side |
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