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Global Inequality
Geography Focus 1 Definitions
16
Geography
8th Grade
11/04/2011

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Term
Democracy
Definition
A from to government where people elect their representatives and can influence the decision making process
Term
Demography
Definition
The study of the characteristics of human populations such as size, birth rates and death rates
Term
Ecological footprint
Definition
How much land and water area a person in a particular country needs in order to produce their energy requirements and dispose of their wastes
Term
Ecological sustainability
Definition
Use of the world’s resources by
the present generation in a way that will not limit the ability of
future generations to meet their needs
Term
Fossil fuels
Definition
The ancient remains of plants and animals that
are stored underground in the form of coal, oil and natural gas
Term
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Definition
A measure of the total
value of all the goods and services produced in a country over
a year, also referred to as Gross National Income (GNI)
Term
Gross Domestic Product per capita
Definition
GDP divided by the
total population—represents the per person money value of all
goods and services a country produces in a year
Term
Human Development Index (HDI)
Definition
A statistic that combines
income, life expectancy and literacy levels of a particular country
Term
Infant mortality rate
Definition
The number of child deaths per 1000
babies born
Term
Lobbying
Definition
Pressuring government and other groups to change
through actions like email and letter-writing campaigns
Term
Malnutrition
Definition
Where the body lacks the vitamins, nutrients
and energy needed for normal, healthy development
Term
Natural resource
Definition
Anything in nature that can be used to
satisfy a human want or need
Term
Non-renewable resource
Definition
A natural resource that is
consumed by use
Term
Renewable resource
Definition
A natural resource that is regenerated
within a short period of time
Term
Sanitation
Definition
A means of hygiene, includes washing and
sewage facilities
Term
Squatter settlement
Definition
An unplanned housing area where
people have no legal ownership of the land and build houses
out of materials they can fi nd or scavenge, also known as a
shanty town
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