Term
| name 4 areas where TB is prevalent |
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Definition
| subsaharan africa, southeast asia, eastern europe and brazil |
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Term
|
Definition
| mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Term
| TB is normally low in the US but can be brought to this country in what ways |
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Definition
|
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Term
| compared to adults, children have what type of symptoms of TB |
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Definition
|
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Term
| transmission of TB is usually how |
|
Definition
| through droplets, sneezing, coughing, talking, and close contact |
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|
Term
| TB is unlikely to be spread how |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| during the latent phase, the body walls off the infection into lesions called what |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| name three places granulomas can occur |
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Definition
| lungs neck groin (any soft tissue) |
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|
Term
| during the latent phase, is TB contagious |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| reactivation of TB can occur in what situations |
|
Definition
| immunocompromised, change in health status, the environment, reexposure, alcoholism, nutritional deficiency, aging |
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Term
| environmental reactivation of TB occurs in what settings |
|
Definition
| institutional settings such as jail, prison, or nursing homes |
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|
Term
| a client is in active disease when they begin to experience what |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what has led to multi drug resistant forms of TB |
|
Definition
| noncompliance with medication |
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|
Term
| symptoms of TB include what |
|
Definition
| weigth loss, poor feeding, night sweats, cough |
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|
Term
| early symptoms in a child are? in an adult? |
|
Definition
| nonexistent; dry hacking cough that is persistent for 3-4 weeks and flu like symptoms |
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|
Term
| late symptoms of TB include what |
|
Definition
| when granulomas break causing bloody sputum, fever, chills, night sweats, extreme weight loss and appearing very ill |
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|
Term
| screening for TB is done with what |
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Definition
|
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Term
| name two populations who might recieve the mantoux test before admission |
|
Definition
| prisoners, residents of nursing homes |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| 0.1ml intradermally in the forearm |
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|
Term
| the PPD works on what principle |
|
Definition
| the antigen antibody response |
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|
Term
| when can the TB test be read |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the pneumonic for reading a TB test |
|
Definition
| IPMM (inspect, palpate, mark, measure) |
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|
Term
| a 5mm or more response is positive in what situations |
|
Definition
| those with immunosupression such as: HIV, cancer, steroid therapy, RA, close contact with someone with TB, IV drug user when HIV status is unknown |
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|
Term
| a TB test is positive at 10mm for who |
|
Definition
| persons with other medical conditions such as diabetes, alcoholism, drug abuse, persons who inject drugs and are HIV negative, foreign born persons, medically underserved, low income, residents and staff of long term populations (prisons, jail, NH), children younger than 4 |
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|
Term
| a reading of 15mm is positive for who |
|
Definition
| those older than 4 with no risk factors for TB |
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|
Term
| a person with a 5mm increase from the previous test is considered positive if what 2 situations |
|
Definition
| someone with HIV or a healthcare worker |
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|
Term
| before giving a TB skin tests always ask this because... |
|
Definition
| have you had a positive test in the past because once positive always positive |
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|
Term
| if an active case of TB is suspected, what should be instituted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this can confirm a latent case of TB in someone who had a positive test in the past |
|
Definition
| quantiferon gold blood test |
|
|
Term
| this test can visualize positive or active TB based on the presence of granulomas |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the gold standard for determining active TB is what |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how are sputum cultures properly obtained |
|
Definition
| 3 cultures with at least one early morning specimen, 8-24 hours apart, and must consist of actual sputum-not spit |
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|
Term
| a culture of TB takes how long to come back |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if someone has active TB what can be mandated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| primary prevention of TB is performed how |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if a person has had the BCG, how are they screened for TB |
|
Definition
| a chest xray (a skin test will always be falsley positive) |
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|
Term
| two problems with the TB vaccine are what |
|
Definition
| only works 80% of the time and may not work well over time |
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|
Term
| although BCG is not used in the US it causes what |
|
Definition
| a characteristic mark at the injection site |
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|
Term
| even if immunized for TB you must be what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| secondary prevention of TB is performed how |
|
Definition
| with targeted screening of high risk populations, treatment of latent disease |
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|
Term
| treatment of the latent disease is considered what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tertiart treatment of TB includes what |
|
Definition
| chest X ray, sputum then DOT |
|
|
Term
| if TB is latent, what is treated with |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| rifampin causes what side effects |
|
Definition
| orange secretions, liver dysfunction, flu like syndrome |
|
|
Term
| how long is rifampin given |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what must be performed monthly with rifampin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is given once weekly as DOT for only three months with equal effectiveness |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is given along with INH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| INH and rifapentin cannot be given to who |
|
Definition
| those under 12 and those with liver dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| with active TB, what drugs are given |
|
Definition
| combination with ethambutol and streptomycin |
|
|
Term
| how long does TB therapy usually last for the average person, for those with HIV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a person is considered negative for TB after what |
|
Definition
| three negative sputum cultures |
|
|
Term
| TB is considered what with reporting |
|
Definition
| level 1 and requires reporting |
|
|
Term
| infection control measures for TB include what |
|
Definition
| airborne precautions, household contacts fitted with N95 (considered secondary precations) |
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|
Term
| HIV is most common in what populations |
|
Definition
| gay and bisexual men (MSM) |
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|
Term
| ISIS study found what other population at risk for HIV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name 2 countries where HIV is high |
|
Definition
| russia and subsaharan africa |
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|
Term
| everyone should be screened for HIV at least... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HIV screening is done how |
|
Definition
| with a swab test or blood screen |
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|
Term
| if swab test or blood screen is positive, what must be done |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name three methods of primary prevention for HIV |
|
Definition
| healthy sexual relationships, consistent and correct use fo protection, and do not share needles |
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|
Term
| name 4 secondary prevention measures for HIV |
|
Definition
| screening, risk reduction counseling, drug addiciton and treatment, needle exchange programs |
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|
Term
| name 4 tertiary interventions for HIV |
|
Definition
| collaborative care, CD4 counts, advocacy for social aspects, chronic disease management |
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|
Term
| the 1st and 2nd line treatments for HIv are what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if an HIV patient develops Pneumonia carinii they should get what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name 3 symptoms of malaria |
|
Definition
| fever, right sided pain, jaundice |
|
|
Term
| what is the organism that attacks the anopheles mosquito |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is the disease transmitted to humans |
|
Definition
| musquito bites and then it lays eggs in the human blood stream |
|
|
Term
| how many people in the worl are at risk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| primary prevention of malaria is through what |
|
Definition
| bug nets, removing stagnant water, bug spray (environmental interventions) |
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|
Term
| secondary prevention for malaria is what |
|
Definition
| malaria chemoprophylaxis before travel |
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|
Term
| name 4 drugs that can be used for prophylaxis of malaria |
|
Definition
| doxycycline, meloquil, malarone, quinine |
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|
Term
| tertiary treatment of malaria is what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IV artesunate causes what severe side effect |
|
Definition
|
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