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Large natural accumulation of land ice that flows either down-slope or outward from its center of accumulation |
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Area where annual snowfall exceeds melting |
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Area where annual melting exceeds snowfall |
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Ice Age / Pleistocene Epoch |
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From 10,000 years ago to 1.8 million years ago; several expansions and retreats of glacier worldwide. Glaciers reached as far as the Ohio River |
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Rebound of land surface as & after glaciers melt away |
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Broad amphitheaters hollowed out at head of glacial valleys |
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3 or 4 sided pyramid shaped peaks resulting from glacial erosion on all sides |
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Oft-jagged ridge between adjacent glacial valley/troughs |
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Low passes, or saddles, on the watershed between drainage systems |
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Glacial Trough/U-Shaped Valley |
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Valleys reshaped by glacial erosion |
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Tributary glacial troughs whose floors are considerably higher than the floors of the troughs that they join |
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Small mountain lakes that occupy the basins of cirgues |
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A chain of lakes linked by a stream in a formerly glaciated valley |
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Ridge of unsorted debris piling up along sides of an alpine glacier |
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Band of debris down the middle of a glacier resulting from two valley glaciers intersecting |
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Piles of unsorted material deposited at the end of a glacier |
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Scratches in bedrock caused by dragging of stones in base of glaciers |
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Grooves carried by debris in glaciers |
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Glaciers erode most where they are thickest; thus preexisting valleys are especially deepened |
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General term for all glacial deposits |
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Unsorted material deposited directly from melting glaciers |
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Deposited by glacial melt water streams; usually sorted sands and gravels |
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Deposited in glacial lakes; usually sorted silt & clay, sometimes fine beach sands |
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Sorted loess or sand dune deposits |
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Boulders deposited by glaciers, often having been carried far from their source |
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Ridges left at temporary glacial stands as part of an overall glacial retreat |
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Relatively thin sheet of mainly till left by a rapidly retreating glacier |
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Sands and gravels deposited by glacial melt water, usually over a large area |
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Ridges of sand & gravel deposited by glacial melt water in sub glacial tunnels; usually appear as winding ridges in the landscape |
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Elongated hills resulting from smearing of end moraines by glacial advance |
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Surface pits left by buried ice blocks melting away; may be large of small; may contain lakes |
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Deposit on a glacial surface that is lowered to the ground by glacial melting beneath it; usually appears as a small hill in a landscape |
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Lakes usually formed along the margins of glaciers, but drained away as the glaciers themselves melted |
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A lake that experiences significant increase in depth and extent as a result of increased precipitation and reduced evaporation |
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A ribbon of fine to very fine sand deposited along the margins of former lakes that remain in today's landscape as a ridge of low relief |
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