Term
| Difference between political and revanchists identity projects within loyalism |
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Definition
| political loyalism as political participation, revanchist loyalists de legitimized the political path and were more violent, and didn’t see peace really as an option. Peace was better for republicans. They revanchist did see themselves getting any seats because the unionist part of the party would have the seat unionist were socialist and liberal. Political loyalists wish to uphold the peace accord in order to uphold stability and move past the conflict, recanchists try to create violence which aids them in the drug trade. The more the revanchists fight the more protestant they feel and it is a deligitimization of the catholics. |
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Term
| Explain the critique that the good Friday agreement/Belfast agreement created problems because it adopted a ‘one size fits all’ approach to paramilitary demobilization |
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Definition
| -it was bad because there was no plan for decomisioning, it was one sided because the republicans had more populouse and were prepared to hold political office, but the loyalists didn’t have anything besides the fighting. The plan was also very much based on the idea that if the ira abandoned their guns the IRA would abandon too. Loyalist saw it as giving up power when their goal was to maintain status quo. Also legitimized conflict blocks and gave power according to those segregated categories. The end goal was a parliamentary power sharing government based on population. Republicans were more ready for politics. Fit for the insurgents side but not really for the paramilitary. |
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Term
| Detail the difference between loyalist prison experiences in the H blocks and the Long Kesh |
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Definition
| in long Kesh the prisoners were fighting to gain education able to gain education politically motiviated. In H block were not segregated from the republicans so they intermingled and tension increased. H block prisoners were not treated as prisoners of war and were being treated like regular common place prisoners. H block most prisoners were fighting to be segregated 37-38 |
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Term
| How did paramilitary violence change after 1994 |
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Definition
| Increase of punishment beatings and internecine killings. Punishment beatings to both people in the groups and the civilians. Became more about controlling their people in their boundaries Most of the change was due to consolidated power, since they weren’t fighting each other they were just making land grabs. Desire to have strong black market trade |
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Term
| What is the difference in the political and revanchist approaches to class based issues in Belfast |
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Definition
| - pg 69 protestants saw themselves as manufacturers, part of their family tradition, decline of the manufacturing center as a personal vendetta, revanchists were the oppressed working class. Deindustrialization as a form of discrimination. Followed cruthin identity and followed the belief that everything belonged to them or should have belonged to them. Revanchists feel entitled to best jobs, angry that given to catholics. Political- socialists and concentrated in standard working class activisim, political loyalists are saying that they are an underclass, see the only step as moving forward through politics. Working oppressed. Political loyalists hope to change the frame through which loyalists wants to change the peace policy |
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Term
| What is the differenic in the political and revanchist approaches to Ullans |
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Definition
| Political see it as a dialaect turned language but have to support it to make their people happy. Revanchists, see it as a real language and a part of building unionist culture and ulins is a way for them to build their own identity and strength as a people. Ulins used as a cultural weapon to increase social status and a solidification of identity politics. |
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Term
| Detail the theory of the cruthnin and explain why revanchists have adopted it |
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Definition
| - the theory of the cruthin 96- by ian addinson were the cruthins were there before the Celtics and the cruthins wards off the celtic. The legend baisically had the first claim for the scotts/revanchists |
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Term
| Whatd do comentators mean when they say that EU peace programs often create better bigots? |
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Definition
| pg 124 single identity projects, fosters sectariansims, create a class of professional agitators that spend all their time agitating against the other side, instead of fudning programs that foster unity all people use the money to support their own community identity and values so creates otherness of other communities.Using an example describe how revanchist loyalists cultural organizations used EU peace money- pg 124 |
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Term
| . Charecterize motivation of johny adiars C company in 2000 loyalist feud- |
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Definition
| murals, toppings split up areas further, big money grabs. Used war to continue drug trafficking in Belfast all criminal motivations, made people leave shenkle road area, uvf people were all displaced |
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Term
| Motivations of UVF leadership in 2000 feud |
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Definition
| their motivations were to cleans the loyalist parties of its criminal parts. Some were motivated by criminal parts but not at the local level. Anti-drug motiviation, because the thug or drug trafficking motivations take away from political ideal. (pg 120, or index) |
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Term
| whatd does Raymond McCords murder and the uvf’s ahdnling of its aftermath demonstrate about the loyalist conditions-121- |
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Definition
| drug related murder, confirmed that of the uvf murder becasues he was moving drugs by a uvf leader and the leader kept his distance from the whole thing because he didn’t want to be de legitimized. Leader was mark haddock. Mark haddock was also killed by a police informant who couldn’t be prosecuted. Says that uvf party was corrupt and that clearly they weren’t all together on the leadership and there perspectives on what is and isn’t the correct policy to take. |
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Term
| Gentlemans agreement between pri and drug cartel |
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Definition
| - corrupt government, protected cartels and endorsed their trafficking provided they played by state rules, and minimal violence bigger bribes, for more important cartels, more power? – use the world clintelism and corpratism |
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Term
| How is La Familia different from other drug cartels in mexico |
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Definition
| La familia were religious and put people in rehab then recruited people from rehab into lafamilia with jobs and society and the rehab was pretty much a six week brainwashing problem feel like vigalantees, have taxes civic government sort of run governments and shit. Test was to kill and cook people in order to prove killing clout |
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Term
| What are the two ways drug problem in mexico and Columbia are different |
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Definition
| in mexico its more about the trafficking, in collumbia its more about the growing. In mexico more groups smaller, in Columbia bigger groups, weaker military presence required paramiltary presence to fight. In mexico bigger military presence, violent actions by individuals, harder to take action against by the state. Mexico is much bigger on traffic than cultivation and that is much harder to fight against. Going after the fields would just be attacking civilian jobs and would cause them to loose political power |
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Term
| what does grayson mean when he talks about the zetacization of warfare |
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Definition
| Zetacization is more violent and adds new tactics, more brutal , greater demonstrations |
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Term
| Describe the two blocks of cartels currently fighting eachother |
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Definition
| Two blocks fighting eachother la familia, senola and the gulf cartel vs. zeta and beltran leyva (Juarez?) and allies |
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Term
| Violence has gotten worse in mexico in the past five years because |
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Definition
| competition among cartels, calderon’s military strategy and zetacization and local drug use |
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Term
| Detail the DTO diversification strategy- |
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Definition
| Extortion, human trafficking, prostutituion, bootleg dvds, protection details, kidnapping of rich, and central American migrants |
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Term
| Detal brookings institutions four options for curbing the violence |
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Definition
| phased inkspot law enforment model(spread from bad areas), institutionalization of protection of human rights and civil liberties, police reform acomponied by judicial reform, strategic and tactical intelegence |
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Term
| Trace the historical devide that led to the creation of colombias two main political parties |
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Definition
| bolivar vs. desantander. Bolivar wanted to be president for life Santander didn’t support became a question of Spanish born vs. creole |
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Term
| characterize the violence asociated with la violencia in terms of its perpatrators victims and its effect of the peasentry |
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Definition
| per people were being killed so they killed back, communists were being persecuted because of their ideology and liberals were being kicked off of their land, liberals and communists were fighting amongst themselves. People being killed on ideologies, peasentry will be massacred. Land grabs |
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Term
| Asses the assertion by the Columbian military and the government that the farc becan as a communist guerilla insurgency |
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Definition
| Conservatives blamed the communists for gaitans murder, eventually marin becomes communist after all his liberal friends abandon him. El davis The farc camped with the communists and built sympathy towards them. He protected the comunists from the liberals that were convinced to kill communests |
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Term
| Characterize the three primary phases of vilence in Columbia since 1945 |
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Definition
| - la violencia 1948-1958, the guerilla stage-1960-1980 rise of farc and small unrelated militaries and narco violence1980-present |
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Term
| Detail the orginal goals of the FArc and how they differ |
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Definition
| old protect liberals and retaliate against conservatives, goals today were monetary gain, started as survival grew into business became war for wars sake. |
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Term
| Describe the Farcs offensive approach |
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Definition
| adopted a strategy geared towards expanding military fronts, taxing things, and encouraging farmers to grow certain crops, definitive aim of taking power, expanding souces of financing, leads to military strengthening viz-a viz ideology |
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Term
| Detail three waysFarc finances itself |
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Definition
| – Drugs, Kidnapping, Extortion taxation |
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Term
| Describe AUC drain the swamp |
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Definition
| kill everyone so that guerillas who blend in and disappear |
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Term
| Describe how the AUC co-opted the EPL and why they did so |
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Definition
| payed leaders after the EPL surrendered in 1991 and did that so that they would gain trained recruits and where they were located was between the AUC and the FARC so they would have a buffer |
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Term
| What are the Three legal components of the Peace accord- |
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Definition
law 782-auc can negotiate w govt/ vice versa
• Decre 128 santa fe l and 2
• Law 975 |
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Term
| Detail two critiques of the Columbian peace accord with the AUC |
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Definition
1. Giving a lot of concessions
2. Don’t deal with a lot of violence
3. Letting people off very easy
4. No admission of guilt
5. Burden of proof rests on the state, hard for state to prove anything
6. Lack of justice for the victim
7. Finalized land grabs
8. Did not dismantle AUC hierarchy and led to paramilitary recycling |
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