Term
| By 1890, New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia all had a population greater than ... |
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Definition
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Term
| List three changes in this era that allowed for city and population growth. Especially the ability to "stack population". |
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Definition
*skyscrapers- stacking population
*Electric trolley extended city reach
*electricity, indoor plumbing, and telephones. |
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Term
| Major challenge faced by new cities |
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Definition
trash and pollution -throwaway bottles, boxes, bags, and cans.
overcrowding in slums |
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Term
| Overcrowded areas where immigrants, and low-wage earners tend to reside in |
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Definition
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Term
"Human warehouses" that were dark,
cramped, and had little sanitation or ventilation. |
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Definition
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Term
| While the poor lived in slums, the wealthy city moved away and lived in ... |
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Definition
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Term
| By the 1880s and 1890s, U.S. immigration had shifted from ...to... |
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Definition
| educated westerners to illiterate south-easterners from Europe |
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Term
| T/F: Most immigrants remained in the U.S. |
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Definition
False; in fact, many immigrants to America stayed for a short period of time and then returned to America, and even those that remained (including persecuted Jews, who propagated in New York)
tried very hard to retain their own culture and customs. |
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Term
| The New immigrants who came and went were called |
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Definition
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Term
| Since the Federal gov't made _____ efforts to help immigrants assimilate...what happened or rather who happened to? |
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Definition
| immigrants were often controlled by powerful "bosses" (such as New York’s Boss Tweed) who provided jobs and shelter in return for political support at the polls. |
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Term
| What was the social gospel all about? |
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Definition
| Basically, people saw the poor condition in which many lived in(i.e. slums) and began preaching the "Social Gospel," insisting that churches tackle the burning social issues of the day. |
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Term
| Founder of the Hull house |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A settlement house in which instructors basically teach immigrant skills they need to take care of themselves and also teach children skills. |
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Definition
| A female activist who fought for protection of women workers and against child labor. |
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Term
| The New Immigrants were resented by |
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Definition
*Nativists- ironically, people who once were migrants themselves
*APA
*trade unionists- hated them for being "strike breakers" or scabs |
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Term
| Dwight Lyman Moody(hint: a christian) |
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Definition
-proclaimed the gospel of kindness
and forgiveness and adapted the old-time religion to the facts of city
life. |
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Term
| Salvation Army(don't over think the name) |
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Definition
| helped the poor and unfortunate. |
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Term
| Mary Baker Eddy (hint: a christian) |
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Definition
| preached a perversion of Christianity that she claimed healed sickness. |
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Term
| Just flip this card to find out what happened during this period |
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Definition
-Darwin's theory questioned and divided the church and community
-the school system expanded
-large-scale philanthropy but largely for public purposes like the way Carnegie defined charity
-medicinal advances(pasteurization and Listerine) and pragmatism(everything has a useful purpose) |
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Term
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Definition
| Gradualism, submission, complacency vs immediate social equality, public rights, educational equality |
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Term
| George Washington Carver (a student of Washington) |
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Definition
| discovered hundreds of new uses for peanuts, sweet potatoes, and soybeans. |
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Term
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Definition
| W.E.B. Du Bois, the first Black to get a Ph.D. from Harvard University, founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1910. |
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Term
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Definition
| An industrial school founded in Alabama by Washington |
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Term
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Definition
| set outside land to the states for education |
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Term
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Definition
| in which newspapers reported on wild and fantastic stories that often were false or quite exaggerated: sex, scandal, and other human-interest stories. |
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Term
| Two new journalistic tycoons emerged in the "Yellow Journalism and Sensationalism" Era (hint: one's last name is a prize awarded to exceptional writers) |
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Definition
Joseph Pulitzer (New York
World) and William Randolph Hearst (San Francisco Examiner, et al.). |
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Term
| Henry George (came up with an idea) |
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Definition
Another enduring journalist-author was Henry George, who wrote
Progress and Poverty, which undertook to solve the association of
poverty with progress. It was he who came up with the idea of the graduated income tax—the more you make, the greater percent you pay in taxes. |
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Term
| What was the major problem in signing treaties with Native American "chiefs" |
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Definition
| Native customs did not recognize a leader in their tribe and instead, the population was usually scattered with the family elder being the leader. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What happened at Sand Creek, colorado in 1864? What cycle begun because of this? |
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Definition
| Colonel Chivington had oblivious indians executed. A cycle of ferocious warfare begun between U.S and indians. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sioux Indians massacred Custer's small army, inflaming fiery assault on indians, |
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Term
| The Chinese came over looking for...but instead they became... |
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Definition
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Term
| Nickname for election of 1876 |
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Definition
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Term
| President Arthur passed what significant legislation and what did it do |
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Definition
| pendleton act(1883); required federal position applicants to take examination |
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Term
| Republican defects to the Democrats in hopes of reform were called |
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Definition
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Term
| The election of 1884 contained a lot of(hint:remember election of 1828?) |
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Definition
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Term
| laws passed that enacted segregation in the south |
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Definition
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Term
| From 1884 to 1888 what was the biggest issue in politics? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which president lowered tariffs and who were angry? Vice Versa? |
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Definition
| Cleveland lowered tariffs and angered big businesses while Harrison raised tariffs and angered farmers |
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Term
| Strikebreakers were also known as |
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Definition
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Term
| What economic turmoil occurred during Grover Cleveland's presidency? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| national association advocates of colored people |
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Term
| The Two African American leaders during this period and their conflicting views? |
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Definition
Booker T Washington-gradualism and economic independence
WEB Dubois- immediate social and political equality and higher education for talented tenth |
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Term
| Four main labor strikes were |
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Definition
*Great Railroad Strike of 1877- lowered wages by 10%
*Haymarket riot of 1886-marked Knights as anarchists *Homestead steel strike of 1892
*Pullman palace car strike of 1894 |
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Term
| main difference between knights of labor and american federation of labor? effective? |
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Definition
-unskilled vs skilled
AF of L more effective |
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Term
| two main unionist leaders |
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Definition
| Terrance V Powderly and Samuel Gompers |
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Term
| What were Railroad companies given by the federal gov't as an incentive to build railroads? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two Supreme Ct. cases(Illinois) involved the rights of states to regulate commerce to help farmers but didn't really do much |
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Definition
munn v. illinois
Wabash v. Illinois |
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Term
| First federal agency designed to protect public interest but had little effect was(hint:ICC) |
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Definition
| Interstate Commerce Commission |
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Term
| John D. Rockefeller and similar industrialists used a tactic of(two key words: one is rule) |
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Definition
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Term
| This era saw the rise of which form of business? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Southeastern Europe; Countries: Russia, greece, italy, poland, slovaks, etc. |
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Term
| Federal legislation that set aside land for education*hint:during civil war) |
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Definition
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Term
| An association of nativists that sought to "protect" America from the new immigrants |
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Definition
| American Protective Association |
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Term
| These new industrialists were not Captains of Industry but... in many people's mind |
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Definition
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Term
| The strategy of monopolizing all aspects of the manufacture of a single product was known as |
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Definition
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Term
| The strategy of allying with competitors to monopolize the market was known as |
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Definition
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Term
| New process that enabled cheap and quality steel to be produced |
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Definition
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Term
| This Act forbade combinations in restraint of trade without any distinction between "good" trusts and "bad" trusts. This law proved ineffective because it contained legal loopholes and it made all large trusts suffer, not just bad ones. |
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Definition
| Sherman Anti-trust act of 1890 |
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Term
| The only successful industry in the south was...and the business leader? |
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Definition
| Cigarette making; James Duke |
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Term
| What was the great social transition during this era? (It has to do with money) |
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Definition
| From farming(growing and making own stuff) to working for other people(earning income); Farmers->wage earners |
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Term
| This strike destroyed the Knights of Labor |
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Definition
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Term
| TRIVIA: What did Congress make a national holiday in 1894? |
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Definition
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Term
| Andrew Carnegie's idea of "discriminate charity" was discovered in |
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Definition
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Term
| During this period, what was the biggest blow dealt to the Indians? |
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Definition
| hunting of the bison to near-extinction |
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Term
| What "battle" occured at Sandcreek in 1864; who commanding whites; and what happened |
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Definition
Sandcreek Massacre
Colonel Chivington ordered shootings on peaceful tribes killing lots of civilians |
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Term
White female advocate of Native American Rights
bonus:book she wrote |
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Definition
Helen Hunt Jackson
A century of dishonor |
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Term
| the Dawes Act of 1887 was the gov't's attempt to |
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Definition
| assimilate indians into white culture by giving land if they behaved good for 25 years |
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Term
Homestead Act of 1862
result: good or bad? |
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Definition
granted 160 acres to settlers for $30, 6 years of residence on land and improving it
In many cases, the soil was terrible and the settlers often were defrauded |
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Term
| 1890, what faded area as all the unsettled areas were now broken up by isolated bodies of settlement? |
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Definition
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Term
| After 1880, the ______ (not entire but area is in this region of the U.S) was the most urbanized region in America, measured by the percentage of people living in cities. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the frontier and open western land was the "safety valve" for Americans in times of hardships. They could just move when they had trouble |
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Term
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Definition
| journalism that presents little or no legitimate well-researched news and instead uses eye-catching headlines to sell more newspapers |
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Term
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Definition
| a largely unfair labor agreement with the goal of preventing one from joining unions |
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Term
| contract labor law preventing what from taking place? |
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Definition
| it forbidden the importation of foreigners under a labor agreement |
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Term
| "human warehourses" in urban slums were called (it sounds stupid) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a democrat who either defected to the republican party or secretly sponsored them in hopes of preventing Bryans election and standardization of silver |
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Term
| What was the fate of the Populist party? |
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Definition
| It eventually merged with the Democrats during Bryan's campaign |
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Term
What happened to the prices of crops during the late nineteenth century?
Why? |
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Definition
| -decreased due to deflation |
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Term
| what monopoly did railroads have over farmers |
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Definition
| delivery of crops; they could charge high prices; if farmers didn't give then their crops would be left to rot |
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Term
| What was the name of the organization that originally a social network but then grew to become a political power |
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Definition
| The grange, farmer's alliance |
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Term
after the election of 1896, the nation became more politically...with a 16 year "reign" by...
What did it signify? |
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Definition
stable; republicans
signified the dominance of urbanity over rural |
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Term
| What Supreme Court case ruled that segregation was legal? |
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Definition
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Term
| The phrase coined in Plessy V. Ferguson |
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Definition
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