Term
| Risk factors for pancreatitis |
|
Definition
Idiopathic
Gallstones
Ethanol (alcohol)
Trauma
Steroids
Mumps
Autoimmune
Scorpion/spider bites
Hyperlipidaemia, hypercalcaemia
ERCP
Drugs (diuretics, metronidazole, H2 blockers) |
|
|
Term
| Complications of acute pancreatitis |
|
Definition
- Pulmonary failure (ARDS)
- Acute renal failure (hypotension related)
- Necrosis & nearby problems (haemorrhagic pancreas, abscess, pseudocysts)
- Cardiovascular failure, coagulopathy (DIC)
- Recurrent/chronic pancreatitis
- Erosions of gastric mucosa (haematemesis, melena)
- Acute psychosis
- Sepsis, sugars (diabetes)
- Malabsorption, mortality |
|
|
Term
| Measures of severity of pancreatitis |
|
Definition
Ranson's criteria (5x on presentation, 5x 48 hrs later)
Glasgow-Imrie Criteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Metastases
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- Alcoholic fatty liver
- Haemochromatosis
- Chronic hepatitis
- Haematological disease (myeloproliferative disease, lymphoma, leukaemia)
- Right heart failure
- Infection (hepatitis, HIV, EBV) |
|
|
Term
| In addition to size, what else is important to determine about a liver? |
|
Definition
- Consistency (soft/firm/hard)
- Edge (regular/irregular)
- Surface (smooth, nodular) |
|
|
Term
| What symptoms might a pt w/ cirrhosis experience? |
|
Definition
| Lethargy, m. cramps, easy bruising, bleeding tendency, encephalopathy, diarrhoea, fever, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, swelling of legs, infertility |
|
|
Term
| Complications of cirrhosis |
|
Definition
- Liver failure
- Portal hypertension
- Encephalopathy
- Hypoalbuminaemia
- Ascites
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- Renal failure
- Vit D deficiency (osteomalacia)
- Secondary hyperaldosterone
- Pulmonary AV shunts (cyanosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Recent gastro infection
- Antibiotics, NSAIDs
- Stress
- Recently stopped smoking |
|
|
Term
| Complications of Crohn's disease |
|
Definition
- Bowel obstruction secondary to fibrosis/stricture
- Perforation
- Fistulae
- Colorectal carcinoma
- Malabsorption & malnutrition
- Vit B12 deficiency, iron deficiency anaemia
- Bile salt malabsorption (cholesterol gallstones, kidney stones)
- Amyloidosis |
|
|
Term
| Complications of diverticular disease |
|
Definition
- Diverticulitis
- Abscess
- Perforation
- Haemorrhage
- Fistulae
- Obstruction |
|
|
Term
| Risk factors for dysphagia |
|
Definition
- Reflux/heartburn
- Anaemia
- Scleroderma
- Thyroid problems (goitre)
- Smoking
- Alcohol consumption
- Ingestion of corrosive materials
- Exposure to radiation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Pregnancy
- Obesity
- Cigarette smoking
- Anticholinergic drugs
- Systemic sclerosis
- Post-treatment for achalasia
- Hiatus hernia
- Chocolate, fat, coffee, alcohol
- Large meal
- Bending, stooping, lying down |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Stricture
- Barrett's oesophagus
- Anaemia
- Ulcer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Stress
- NSAIDS
- Alcohol
- Aspirin
- Smoking
- Spicy foods
- FHx |
|
|
Term
| Causative factors in peptic ulcer formation |
|
Definition
- H. pylori
- Stress
- NSAIDs
- Irritants (alcohol, aspirin, smoking, spicy foods)
- Bile reflux
- Ischaemia, hypoxia
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrin secreting tumour of pancreatic origin) |
|
|
Term
| Complications of peptic ulcers |
|
Definition
- Perforation/peritonitis
- Haemorrhage
- Pyloric stenosis
- Gastric cancer/lymphoma
- Chronic ulcers |
|
|
