Term
| What is the function of the spleen? |
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Definition
| Antibody formation, disposal of deteriorating RBCs and platelets, blood storage |
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Term
| Where is the spleen located? |
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Definition
| Intraperitoneal, deep to left ribs 9-11, long axis parallel to rib 10 |
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Term
| What supplies blood to the spleen? |
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Definition
| Splenic artery, a branch of the celiac trunk |
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Term
| When is a splenic aneurysm more likely to occur? |
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Definition
| 3rd trimester in hypertensive pregnant women who smoke |
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Term
| What drains blood form the spleen? |
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Definition
| Splenic vein which joins the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein |
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Term
| What drains into the splenic vein? |
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Definition
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Term
| What might cause splenomegaly? |
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Definition
| Portal hypertension or hemolytic anemia |
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Term
| What is the most commonly ruptured abdominal organ with life-threatening hemorrhage? |
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Definition
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Term
| How might the spleen be ruptured? |
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Definition
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Term
| How might the spleen be lacerated? |
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Definition
| Fractured lower left ribs |
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Term
| Splenic pain may be referred to where and by what? |
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Definition
| Left shoulder via phrenic nerve |
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Term
| What might be injured during a splenectomy? |
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Definition
| The tail of the pancreas which enters the splenorenal ligament |
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Term
| What must be taken into particular consideration in order to prevent pleuritis due to puncturing of the pleural cavity? |
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Definition
| Relationship of the spleen to the left costodiaphragmatic recess along the 10th rib |
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Term
| Intrinsic ganglia and nerve plexuses travel along the wall of the digestive tract from the esophagus to the anus to form what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Though the enteric NS is capable of functioning independently, what can influence its activities? |
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Definition
| Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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Term
| What are the main intrinsic nerve plexuses that make up the enteric NS? |
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Definition
| Submucous (Meissner's) plexus, Myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus |
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Term
| What characterizes preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers that innervate the abdominal organs? |
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Definition
| Reaches prevertebral ganglia via abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves |
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Term
What characterizes postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers that innervate the abdominal organs?
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Definition
| Cell bodies are within prevertebral ganglia, fibers follow arteries to organs |
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Term
| Where are prevertebral ganglia containing sympathetic neuron cell bodies for innervation of abdominal organs located? |
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Definition
| Celiac trunk, Superior/Inferior Mesenteric Arteries, Renal Arteries (aorticorenal ganglia) |
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Term
| What splanchnic nerves carry preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers from cell bodies within the intermediolateral cell columm to verterbral gaglia? |
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Definition
| Thoracic Splanchnic nerves and Lumbar Splanchnic nerve |
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Term
What are the thoracic splanchnic nerves? |
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Definition
| Greater splanchnic (T5-T9), Lesser Splanchnic (T10-11), Least Splanchnic (T12) |
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Term
| What are the roots of the lumbar splanchnic nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the thoracic splanchnic preganglionic nerves innervate? |
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Definition
| Foregut (celiac trunk) and midgut (superior mesenteric artery) |
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|
Term
| What do autonomic nerve fibers to visceral organs follow? |
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Definition
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Term
| Celiac ganglia nerve fibers follow celiac trunk branches to what? |
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Definition
| Foregut derivatives: stomach, proximal duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancrease, spleen |
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Term
| Aorticorenal ganglia fibers follow renal artery branches to what? |
|
Definition
| Kidneys and adrenal glands |
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|
Term
| Superior mesenteric ganglia fibers follow superior mesenteric artery branches to what? |
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Definition
| Midgut derivatives: distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum |
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Term
| Inferior mesenteric ganglia nerve fibers follow inferior mesenteric artery branches to what? |
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Definition
| Hindgut derivatives: descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and upper anal canal |
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Term
| What are the actions of the sympathetic nervous system in the GI? |
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Definition
| Vasoconstrictions in blood vessels in the viscera, reduced glandular secretions, reduced peristalsis |
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Term
| Preganglionic parasympathetic innervation of abdominal organs comes from what sources? |
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Definition
| Vagus Nerves (CNX) and Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves (S2-4) |
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Term
| What do the Vagus Nerves (CNX) innervate? |
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Definition
| Foregut and midgut derivatives of the digestive tracts (esophagus to left colic flexure) |
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|
Term
| What doe the splanchnic nerves (S2-4) innervate? |
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Definition
| Hindgut derivatives (left colic flexure to anal canal) |
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|
Term
| Where do Vagus nerve fibers enter the abdomen? |
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Definition
| Esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm as anterior and posterior vagal trunks |
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Term
| Where are the ganglion cells that are supplied by pregagnlionic parasympathetic Vagus nerve fibers located? |
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Definition
| Near or within the wall of visceral structures |
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Term
| The Vagus nerve (CNX) provides parasympathetic innervation to what foregut and midgut derivative organs? |
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Definition
| Distal esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestines, ascending colon, transverse colon |
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Term
| What are the only splanchnic nerves that carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to hindgut derivatives? |
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Definition
| Pelvic splanchnic nerves from anterior rami of spinal nerves S2-4 |
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Term
| What hindgut derivatives of the digestic tract are innervated by pelivc splanchnic nerves? |
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Definition
| Descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, upper anal canal |
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|
Term
| Parasympathetic fibers have what affect on the GI? |
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Definition
| Increase glandular secretion and peristalsis, vagal nerve fibers inhibit the pyloric sphincter, allowing gastric emptying |
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Term
| What carries signals for pain from the abdominal viscera to the spinal cord? |
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Definition
| Visceral afferent fibers accompanying sympathetic nerves |
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Term
| What might be implied by referred pain to T5-9 dermatomes? |
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Definition
| Organs in those dermatomes are most likely involved in the pathology |
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Term
| What might cause referred pain to the ipsilateral shoulder? |
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Definition
| Irritation of the phrenic nerve from inflammation of the diaphragmatic pleura or diaphragmatic peritoneum (ruptured spleen, cholecystitis) |
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Term
| What are the roots of the phrenic nerve and how does it cause referred pain tot he ipsilateral shoulder? |
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Definition
| C3-5, enters same spinal cord segments as supraclavicular nerves (C3,4), which supply cutaneous innervation to the shoulder |
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