Term
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Definition
| Only system in the body open to external environment |
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Term
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Definition
One continuos tube
Begins at the mouth
Esophagus-stomach-SI-LI
Ends at the anus |
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Term
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Definition
Pancreas
Liver
Gall bladder |
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Term
| Major Activities of the GI system |
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Definition
Secretion: enzymes, acid, bicarbonate mucus
Absorption: Water almost all essential nutrients
Digestion: food into absorbable components
Motility : movement of food and secretions through the system |
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Term
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Definition
Mucosa
Muscularis Mucosa
Nerve Plexus
Adventitia |
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Term
| Layers of Nerves in the Nerve Plexus |
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Definition
Sub mucosal Layer
Myenteric Layer |
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Term
| GI system is controlled by the nerve plexus |
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Definition
Maintains basic electrical rhythm
Responds to local stimuli to increase or decrease activity |
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Term
| Activity of the GI tract can be influenced by the |
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Definition
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Term
| Initiation of activity depends on |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| *Saliva *Mucus*Acid and Digestive Enzymes (Gastin) Secretin Sodium Bicarbonate pancreatic enzymes lips see and amylases bile endocrine hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of breaking food into useable absorbable nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| Mouth with enzymes in the salvia |
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Term
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Definition
| Continues the digestion process |
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Term
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Definition
| Food mixes with Bile which breaks down the fat molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of removing water, nutrients, and other elements from the GI tract where there are delivered to the bloodstream for use in the body |
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Term
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Definition
*Inherent Motility*
*Esophagus-the basic movement is peristalsis*
*3 muscles layers -Churning action* |
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Term
| Motility : Small intestine |
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Definition
| Users process of segmentation |
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Term
| Motility: Large Intestine |
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Definition
| Uses the process of mass movement |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulation of the stomach by stretching |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulation of the stomach causing increased activity in the colon |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulation of Colon activity and mass movement by the presence of food or stretch on the duodenum |
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Term
| Central mediated reflexes of the GI Tract |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulated when a food bolus stimulated pressure receptors in the back of the throat and pharynx * sends impulses yo the medulla which stimulates series of nerves (more than 25 pairs of muscles) can be facilitated |
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Term
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Definition
| Protects the system from unwanted irritants stimulated by two centers in the medulla |
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Term
| Stimulation of the Chemoreceptors Trigger Zone |
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Definition
| *Tactile stimulation of the back of the throat. *Excessive stomach distention * Increasing intracranial pressure by direct stimulation * Stimulation of vestibular receptors in the inner ear *Stimulation of stretch receptors in the Uterus and bladder *Intense pain fiber stimulation *Direct stimulation by various chemicals |
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Term
| Maintaining Homeostasis of the GI Tract |
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Definition
| A series of local reflexes within the GO tract helps maintain homeostasis within the system*Overstimulation results in: constipation (under-activity) Diarrhea (Overactivity) |
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Term
| Underlining cause of GI disorders |
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Definition
Dietary Excess
Stress
Hiatal hernia
Esophageal Reflux
Adverse Side Effects peptic Ulcer Disease |
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Term
| Effects of Drugs on GI Secretions |
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Definition
*Decrease GI secretory activity
*Block the action of GI secretions
*Form protective coverings on the GI lining to prevent erosion from GI secretions
*Replace missing GI enzymes that the GI tract or ancillary glands and organs can no longer produces |
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Term
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Definition
Erosion in the lining if the stomach and adjacent areas of the GI tract
* symptoms: Gnawing, Burning pain, often occurring after meals
* Cause : Bacterial infection by Helicobacter pylori bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| May be used to treat C-Diff infection/ CDI (Clostridium-difficile infection) |
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Term
| Metoclopramide Contaning Drugs |
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Definition
| Agency warns against Chronic-use of these products to Treat GI-disorders. / Must add a box warning/ linked to TARDIVE-Dyskinesia (REMS) |
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Term
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Definition
| Involuntary repetitive movements of the extremities or lip smacking grimacing tongue protrusion rapid eye movement or blinking puckering and pursing of the lips impaired movement if the fingers |
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Term
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
Most common cause of drug induced movement disorders |
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Definition
| Speeds the movement of the stomach muscles increasing the rate at which the stomach emptied into the intestines Used for SHORT TERM GERD and TREAT diabetic gastroparesis |
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Term
| (handout) FMT - highly effective eradicating C-Diff |
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Definition
Pts. With CDI -missing certain guy flora (antibiotic use)
Mayo clinic of Arizona FMT -1st performed Colonoscopic fecal transplant in 2011)
VIA: nasogastric, nasojejunal, upper tract endoscopy, colonoscopy and retention enema
Dr. Prefers Colonoscopic infusion but terminal ileum is the optimal site
Who qualifies? Relapsing CDI, inability to undergo colonoscopy, gastrointestinal illness, immunosuppressive and transplant patients EXCEPT recent bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
Donor fecal transplant roughly 90%
Over all 94% of the 16 pt in the infusion group were free of C-Diff with rela for after 10 weeks
After fecal infusion DNA screening revealed an increase in the diversity of Fecal micro biota
Best mode of delivery: higher success rate for infusion via enema or colonoscopy |
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