Term
|
Definition
aka cleft palate
failure of fusion of palatine processes which separate oral from nasal cavities
genetic or toxic component |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aka hare lip
failure of philtrum to fuse
creates solid upper lip
interferes with suckling and prone to inhalation pneumonia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the oral cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the tongue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rhabdoviridae, Vesicular stomatitis virus
REPORTABLE
mutlifocal vesicles that progress to erosive ulcerative lesions
coronary band, nasal cavity, teats, esophagus
loss of condition because too sore to eat or walk
lesions confined to epidermis
cell swelling, lysis in stratum spinosum with vesicle formation
rupture to release the virus
fibrin-neutrophil response then granulation and re-epithelization of erosion/ulcer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Foot and Mouth
Vesicular Stomatitis
Vesciular Exanthema of Swine
Swine Vesicular Disease |
|
|
Term
| Erosive/Ulcerative Stomatitis Viruses |
|
Definition
Bovine Virus Diarrhea
Malignant Catarrhal Fever
Feline Calicivirus
Viral Rhinotracheitis in horses
Blue Tongue |
|
|
Term
| Erosive/Ulcerative Stomatitis Lesions |
|
Definition
system and oral lesions
cause full thickness necrosis of oral epithelium with deep inflammation
secondary infections
small numerous ulcers in the skin |
|
|
Term
| Erosive/Ulcerative Stomatitis Metabolic Causes |
|
Definition
Vitamin C deficiency
Uremia in cats and dogs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anaerobic bacteria with deep extension into submucosa
diptheric membrane (pseudomembranous or fibrinonecrotic membrane) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
necrotizing stomatitis
Fusebacterium necrophorum
extends into trachea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
caused by pox viruses
proliferation of virally infected cells
followed by necrosis and ucleration
Bovine Papular stomatitis in cattle
Contagious Echthyma (Orf) in sheep/goats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
papillomavirus
proliferative lesions on tongue
start as small wounds from rough feed
limited to mucocutaneous junctions around face genitals feet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Candida albicans (yeast)
fibrinous/proliferative oral and glossal lesion
young or immunosuppressed
grows as biofilm on epithelial surface
pale yellow-brown pseudomembrane of sloughed epithelium and fungus covers hyperplastic epithelium
use GMS stain to see on histopath |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Actinobacillus ligniersii
enters through small wounds in tongue from rough ingesta
deep nodular pyogranulomatous lesions
macrophages and lymphocytes inbedded in foci or neutrophils surrounding bacteria coated by antibody (this is the sulfur granule) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
immune mediated
aka rodent ulcer in cats
on lip and mouth in cats
on tongue in dogs
unknown etiology
ulceration and massive influx of eosinophils into lesions
systemic eosinophilia
increased mast cell and giant macrophages with collagen degradation |
|
|
Term
| Lymphoplasmacytic gingivitis |
|
Definition
cats with bad teeth and breath
linked to overgrowth of anaerobic oral bacteria (spirochetes)
gingiva is red, sometimes ulcerated
infilration of plasma cells and lymphocytes with mat of bacteria and spirochetes on surface
chronic inflammation leads to prostaglandin release
activated osteoclasts in periodontal bone
leads to loss of bone and teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
brachycephalic dogs, aged dog/cat
with chronic gingivitis
gingival hyperplasia and fibrosis of lamina propria/submucosa
resembles epulis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
resembles hyperplasia
hyperplasia of remnant tooth germ epithelium
proliferation of surround connective tissue
connective tissue similar to periodontal ligament
bone can be formed
long thin interconnecting downgrowths of tooth germ epithelium
dense fibrous cellular vascularized mesenchymal matrix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
neoplastic tooth germ
invades mandibular/maxillary bone
similar to gingival hyperplasia or epulis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
common in old cats
more aggressive in the mouth
hard to excised and inflamed
papillary plaque-like or ulcerating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
common in dog and deadly
amelanotic
resemble round cell tumors, fibrosarcomas, carcinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tonsils are not connected to lymphatic system
independent lymphoid entities
bilary enlarged pharyngeal tonsil-infection or lymphoma
unilateral enlarged pharyngeal tonsil-infection or squamous cell carcinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation of the salivary gland
rare, virally or trauma induced
painful
can progress to necrosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
formation of stones in the salivary gland
secondary to inflammation
sloughed duct cells, inflammatory cells
inspissated secretions form stones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
salivary gland filled with mucous
partial duct obstruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| salivary mucocoele along the base of the tongue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prone to injury because of poor vascular supply
does not heal well once damaged
no serosa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
any esophageal propulsive disorder
defective upper sphincter in pharynx causing difficulty swallowing
defective low sphincter causing persistent regurgitation
usually developmental disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aka Ectasia
dilation of the esophagus so that it no longer contracts or propels normally |
|
|
Term
| Persistent Right Aortic Arch |
|
Definition
seen in German Shepherds
dilation of esophagus cranial to the heart
persistent regurgitation after eating
right aortic arch instead of teh left one becomes the main aorta
forces ductus arteriosus to run across the esophagus
forms a ring around it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
faulty innervation of esophagus in large breed dogs
idiopathic cause |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rare
toxic, traumatic, autoimmune association
damage to innervation of esophagus |
|
|
Term
| Muscular Hypertrophy of Esophagus |
|
Definition
often incidental finding
profound hypertrophy of distal esophageal muscularis in pigs and horses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
esophageal obstruction at four sites
dorsal to larynx
thoracic inlet
base of the heart
diaphragmatic hiatus
feed that is too dry or not chewed well causes it
medications in tablet or bolus form with rough tubuing
brain damage from Rabies can mimic choke
need to relieve obstruction before degeneration and necrosis with perforation and scarring occurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can cause ulcerative esophagitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
red stomach worm
can cause proliferative lesions in mucosa or submucosa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aglandular outpouchings of esophagus
only absorbs acetate, proprionate, butyrate
stratified squamous epithelium
vagal innervation is essential for proper function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aka bloat
rumenal distension due to accumulation of gas produced by microflora
can cause rapid death with minimal lesions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
frothy bloat
triggered by sudden change in diet (legumes, alfalfa, clover)
triggers overproduction of stable, bubbly, froth
froth traps gas so it can't be eructated
pronounced bulging of left paralumbar fossa
pressure on diaphgram leads to respiratory distress
pressure on pleural cavity leads to impaired venous return via vena cava and tissues cranial to pleural cavity becomes congested
this causes a bloat line |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
results from defect in rumenal function
vagal indigestion-malfunction of the vagus nerve from trauma, traumatic reticuloperitonitis, choke
obstructive-from lymphosarcoma in the ruminal wall, choke, viral papillomas |
|
|
Term
| Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis |
|
Definition
fibrinopurulent exudate around puncture site
foreign body pokes in and out producing many recurrent lesions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
low pH due to accumulation of lactic acid
due to sudden dietary shift to easily fermentable, high carbohydrate diets
Streptococcus bovis, Lactobacillus spp. proliferate and produce lactic acid
causes degeneration and necrosis of rumenal epithelium
influx of neutrophils and eventual ulceration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mucoa, Rhizopus, Absidia, Aspergillus colonize ulcerated surface
grow into blood vessel
vasculitis, thrombosis, infarction |
|
|
Term
| Stomach/Abomasum Structure and Function |
|
Definition
acidity makes stomach sterile
no absorption occurs in the stomach
preservation of mucosa depends on mucous secretion of goblet cells
prostaglandin regulates gastric mucosa blood supply |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occur from direct damage of disruption of mucosal blood supply
gastric acid gets into lamina propria and causes inflammation and ulceration |
|
|
Term
| Gastric Ulcers from Stress |
|
Definition
excessive endogenous corticosteroids inhibit prostaglandin production
leads to decreased blood flow and mucous production |
|
|
Term
| Abomasal Ulcers in cattle |
|
Definition
| high producing cattle have abomasal ulcers that can perforate, bleed, leak GI contents into peritoneal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
numerous acute and chronic gastric ulcers
in non-glandular portion
often subclinical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occurs in non-glandular portion
diets too fine or too high in fermentable carbohydrates
ulceration with rupture and fatal hemorrhage
sudden onset |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occur in large breed deep chested dogs
gas accumulates rapidly and stretches stomach until it becomes flaccid
Clostridium or aerophagia
stomach rotates around mesenteric root and pulls on spleen
veins squeezed off
engorgement of stomach and spleen
stomach becomes hypoxic and necrotic
portal venous return is cut off and leads to shock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
high producing cows on carbohydrate diet
left displacement underneath rumen causes slower hypoxia and necrosis
right displacement with possible volvulus causes faster hypoxia and necrosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
horses on highly fermtentable feed grains
dilation then rupture
gas diffused into gastric lumen from small intestine or colon
expands stomach and horse can't burp
hemorrhage, GI contents into abdomen, fibrinous peritonitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
caused by dry ingested
lesions in thoracic cavity like pneumonia can lead to gastric hypomotility
eat indigestable materials (trichobezoas, phytobezoars)
impaired digestion, poor passage, poor doer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
narrowing of the pyloric sphincter such that gastric outflow is impaired
projectile vomiting
congenital issue in horses, Siamese cats, brachycephalic breeds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| causes apoptosis and muscle atrophy of gastric epithelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
linked to ulcers in humans
chronic lymphocytic gastritis with ulceratione
or no disease at all |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
young sheep and cattle
acute hemorrhaigc abomasitis
overgrowth of these bugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fly eggs are deposited on skin and licked off
fly larvae that grow along margo plicatus, fundus, or proximal duodenum
cause focal ulcers at attachment site |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nematodes that live in wall of stomach
nodular brood pouches
no serious problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nematodes live in gastric glands
stimulate hyperplasia of goblet cells
tiny mucosal nodules
lymphocytic and eosinophilic exudate that occurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibit prostaglandin production
species-dependent variation to toxicosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
leads to abormal Ca:P ratios
metastatic mineralization of parietal cells and gastric arterioles
leads to ulceration |
|
|
Term
| Hyperplasia of Gastric Mucosa |
|
Definition
uncommon
proliferation of gastric glands
associated with chronic reflux and fluid retention from small intestine
or chronic parasitic infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
neoplasia of pancreatis islets
produce excessive gastrin and cause hypertrophy/hyperplasia of gatric mucosa |
|
|
Term
| Giant Hypertrophic Gastropathy |
|
Definition
idiopathic expansion of rugal folds
profound hyperplasia of mucosal goblet cells
leads to functional abnormalities
vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, protein losing enteropathy
excess mucous production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
non-glandular stomach
common in old horses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rare and deadly
highly invasive with rapid extension into abdominal cavity
marked scirrhous response
clinically silent until too late |
|
|
Term
| Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) |
|
Definition
any mesenchymal tumor of mesenchym of stomach
smooth muscle origin
some arise from myenteric plexus cells
malignant, slow growing
can occur in cecum and colon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most common gastric neoplasm in every species other than dog
begin in deep mucosa or submucosa and infiltrate along fascial planes parallel to mucosa |
|
|
Term
| Defense Mechanisms of the Stomach |
|
Definition
protective mucus
acid environment
mucosal lymphoid nodules (IgA)
pyloric sphincter to regurgitate
young/old animals do not have a low pH so pathogens can survive better |
|
|
Term
| Defense Mechanisms of the Small Intestine |
|
Definition
inherent propulsive properties to push out pathogens
mucosal lymphoid nodules (IgA, IgM)
submucosal Peyer's patches (IgM, IgG)
high slough rate of enterocytes
bile salts in ingesta |
|
|
Term
| Defense Mechanisms of the Colon |
|
Definition
abundant mucous production
mucosal and submucosal lymphoid nodules
anaerobic bacterial microflora |
|
|
Term
| Pathogenesis of Diarrhea (3) |
|
Definition
increased fluidity
increased volume of feces
increased frequency of defecation |
|
|
Term
| Increased Volume of Feces |
|
Definition
due to increased secretion or malabsorption
secrete electrolytes and water into lumen
inability to absorb electrolytes/nutreitns
malabsorption from enterocyte damage, bacterial proliferation
excess bacteria consume bile salts and produce toxins
leads to enterocyte injury |
|
|
Term
| Increased Frequency of Defecation |
|
Definition
due to hypomotility
leads to pooling of fluid in gut
overwhelms mucosa to resorb
when propulsive wave goes through, get spillage |
|
|
Term
| Small Intestinal Diarrhea |
|
Definition
volume of feces of profused and watery
frequency is mildly increased
fast dehydration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
volume of feces is not highly profuse
thicker or watery with bits of solid material
frequency of defecation increased
slow dehydration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hypovolemia and shock due to loss of Na, Cl, H2O
acidosis due to loss of bicarbonate
hypoperfusion + acidosis=more acidosis because kidneys can't balance blood pH by secreting H ions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
failure of large intestine wall and lumen to form
imperfortae anus
total separation between proximal and distal segments of the gut
hereditary or vascular damage to developing colon
born normal but never poop
die from severe abdominal distension with gut rupture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
seen in horses
remnant of old hollow yolk sac connected to distal ileum
becomes fluid filled
sometimes causes problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
disruption of systemic innervation or physiology
no physical barrier
lead toxicosis in cattle
zinc toxisosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
affects adult ages horses
metallic foreign bodies/diets rich in Mg and P provide niduses which ingesta can aggregate
forms concretions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
physical obstruction
circumferential narrowing of gut lumen due to fibrosis
due to damage of mucosal stroma so appropriate regeneration cannot occur
or due to impairment of blood supply to affected segment
hypoxia/ischemia-->necrosis-->fibrosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
telescoping of one distal segment into adjacent segment and trapping it
due to segmental hypermotility
result of irritation of affected segment by parasite, foreign body, inflammation, impair vasculature |
|
|
Term
| Consequences of Intussusception |
|
Definition
obstruction to passage of ingesta
venous infarction of mesenteric veins
sloughing of telescoped segment and fibrous stricture formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rectum inverts and telescopes out anus
result of straining (tenesmus) or parturition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
small intestine gets irritated
creeps over linear body to expel it in accordion pattern
peristalsis causes sawing effect
perforation and infarction |
|
|
Term
| Consequences of Obstruction |
|
Definition
dilation of gut cranial to obstruction and accumulation of ingesta, gas, fluid
contraction of distal segment of gut
vomiting
distented proximal loops distend, hypoxia, devitalize
leakage of luminal contents, enzymes
sepsis, shock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
twisting of intestine around mesenteric attachment
left large colon in horses
small intestine in pigs, foals, calves, young dogs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
twisting of intestine along its long axis
cecum in cattle or horses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| failure of two halves of abdominal wall to fuse at midline after umbilicus degenerates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| leaves of developing diaphragm fail to fuse near gastro-esophageal hiatus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inguinal ring doesn't form correctly
portions of GI tract slip through and get trapped |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
happens in older horses
loops of small intestine slip through ligaments holding pancreas, liver, stomach to dorsal body wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occurs in horses
portions of bowel get trapped in space formed by ligament between kidney and spleen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
happens in aged horses and ponies
benign mesenteric adipose tumor
grows on a stalk and swirls around abdominal cavity
wrap around mesenteric root and infarcts small intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
linear red to black subserosal fibrovascular plaques on ileum of horses
unknown etiology
incidental finding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occurs in the colon
red stripes that correlate with congestion of mucosal ridges
suggestive of tenesmus or diarrhea prior to death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
focal dilations of gut wall
pouch outwards from main lumen
pockets can extends through muscularis to the serosa
become impacted with ingesta, inflammation, rupture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gas dilated lymphatics
bubbles form in submucosa, serosa, mesentery
unknown cause or impact |
|
|
Term
| Direct Acting Intestinal Toxicants |
|
Definition
inorganic mercury, arsenic, thallium
inoragnic phosphorous, copper, nitrates
cantharidin from blister beetles
NSAIDs
long term corticosteroid use |
|
|
Term
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
|
Definition
middle ages dogs
longstanding diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss
lymphocytic/lymphoplasmacytic enteritis
link between diet or GI bacterial overgrowth
inflammatory cytokines cause intestinal malfunction
loss of protein into lumen and malabsorption |
|
|
Term
| Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis |
|
Definition
German Shepherds and cats with recurrent diarrhea
eosinophilia
lymphoplasmacytic and eosinophilic gastroenteritis
hypersensitivity to food or intestinal parasite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dilation of small intestinal lacteals
malabsorption and loss of protein into lumen
lymphoplasmacytic enteritis
due to congential malformation of lacteals so they don't connect with lymphatic system
or due to granulomatous occlusion of lymphatics
or due to neoplastic occlusion of lymphatics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
happens in northern latitudes in winter of all ages of cattle
sudden short-lived diarrhea
mucous and sometimes blood for 3-4 days
coronavirus suspected |
|
|
Term
| Enterotoxic Colibacillosis |
|
Definition
affects calves/pigs 3days-3 weeks
gastric pH is not low enough to kill them
bacteria attach to surface of enterocyte
induce opening of sodium and chloride channels and water follows
secretory diarrhea with rapid dehydration and death
only lesions often seen is fluid filled small intestine |
|
|
Term
| Post Weaning Colibacillosis |
|
Definition
occurs with dietary change
lesion and pathogenesis same as neonatal colibacillosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occurs in 6-14 week old pigs
beta-hemolytic E.coli produces verotoxin
toxin spread hematogenously
toxin damaged endothelium and triggers edema of whole body
edema of spiral colon, gastric submucosa, eyelids, gallbladder
cerebral edema, infarction and lead to CNS signs |
|
|
Term
| Attaching and Effacing Colibacillosis |
|
Definition
happens in rabbits, pigs, calves, lambs, dogs
bacteria attach and efface brush border
malabsorption
lesions resemble enterotoxic E.coli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
abomasitis and enteritis
coccidian protozoa
self-limiting unless immunosuppressed
lives under apical cell membranes of gastric mucoous cells, villous enterocytes, or colonocytes but not in the cytoplasm
watery malabsorptive diarrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ciliated protozoa
pick up cyst from feces and trophozoites coat surface of small intestinal villi
malabsorption diarrhea with gas due to bacterial overgrowth and fermentation of unabsorbed ingesta |
|
|
Term
| Ascaris, Parascaris, Toxocara |
|
Definition
do most damage to liver and lungs via larval migration
in gut, use up all nutrients
lead to poor growth and intermittent diarrhea
dead worms can cause impaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rob host of nutrients
weight loss/poor weight gain
inflammation where scolex attaches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
calves less than 1 week and pigs less than 3 weeks
species specific RNA viruses
infects upper 2/3th of enterocyte villi
malabsorption
can recover fine if don't have secondary bacterial infection
neonatal enterocytes take longer to regenerate than adults |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pigs less than 10 days old
highly contagious
destroys almost all the enterocytes
longer recovery
denuded villi retract and may fuse
villi can remain short and stumpy
crypts proliferate to replace enterocytes and enhance secretion
malabsorption
die from dehydration/shock or are runty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
attack high mitotic cells
lymphoid cells are attacked then hematopoeitic cells in marrow and then crypt cells
enterocytes are unaffected but become denuded because enterocytes are not being regenerated by crypts
villi collapse and regenerate slow
malabsorptive diarrhea, bloody if secondary bacterial infection
intestine is dilated, flaccid, red with granular mucosal surface and attached flecks of fibrin
lymphopenia and neutropenia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pestivirus
ulcers secondary to viral infections
necrosis of rapidly dividing cells in stratum spinosum in oral cavity, tongue, esophagus
infection and necrosis and ulceration of small intestine and colonic crypt cells
infection, necrosis, ulceration of Peyer's patches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nematode in ruminants
burrow in crypts beneath epithelium but not into lamina propria
crypt hyperplasia in response
villous atrophy
low grade longstanding secretory/ malabsorptive diarrhea with heavy infestations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Clostridium are anaerobes that inhibit lower GI tract
cause disease with overgrowth
sudden dietary change from low carbohydrate to high carbohydrate |
|
|
Term
| Clostridium perfringens Type A enteritis |
|
Definition
mammals and birds except sheep
mild lesions of villous tips
mild diarrhea
hemorrhagic abomasitis in ruminants
massive hepatic necrosis in lambs due to enterotoxin release |
|
|
Term
| Clostridium perfringens Type B enteritis |
|
Definition
disease in young lambs
sudden death with/without hemorrhage in GI tract
abdominal distension and pain
common in eastern hemisphere |
|
|
Term
| Clostridium perfringens Type C enteritis |
|
Definition
disease in neonatal calves, lambs, foals, pigs
hemorrhagic enteritis
sudden onset in adult animals = Struck disease
complete necrosis of villi and underlying lamina propria with hemorrhage between junction of live and dead tissue
C. perfringens coats surface and may produce enough gas to cause emphysema |
|
|
Term
| Clostridium perfringens Type D enteritis |
|
Definition
disease in fattening calves, lambs, goats
linked to overeating or grain overload
angiotoxin causes vascular damage, multisystemic hemorrhage and edema
pulpy kidney disease
kills before necrosis onset |
|
|
Term
| Clostridium perfringens Type E enteritis |
|
Definition
disease in small breed dogs
hemorrhagic enteritis with necrosis of villi
rapid, hypovolemic shock |
|
|
Term
| Clostridium piliforme enteritis |
|
Definition
disease in foals, rabbits, rodents
typically associated with hepatic necrosis
infects ileum first to cause necrotizing ileitis |
|
|
Term
| Clostridium difficile colitis |
|
Definition
Colitis X- edema, congestion, hemorrhage with sudden death in horses
Foals- necrotizing, hemorrhagic ileitis
Dogs, Cats -fibrinonecrotic enterocolitis |
|
|
Term
| Enteric Salmonellosis species |
|
Definition
Salmonella typhimurium
Salmonella enteriditis
Salmonella dublin
Salmonella cholerasuis
Salmonella typhosa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
adheres and invades intestine into lamina propria
becomes septic
septic form- pyogranulomatous hepatitis and granulomatous interstitial pneumonia
acute enteritis- malodorous, ulcerative, pseudomembranous enterocolitis
chronic enteritis- ulcerative typhlocolitis
button ulcers form in pigs colon |
|
|
Term
| Equine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis |
|
Definition
aka Potomac horse fever
Erhlichia risticii
horse ingests plants colonized by snails with infected trematode
Erhlicia gets into colonocytes and lamina propria macrophages
looks like Salmonella and often a coinfection with Salmonella causes lesions and disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Brachyspira + Fusobacterium necrophorum + Bacteroides vulgatus
disease in weanling pigs (8-14weeks)
lesions similar to Salmonella but only in colon
diptheric membrane forms on colon, cecum, rectum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Neorickettsia helminthoeca from salmon infected fluke Nanophyetus salminocola
infacts macrophages in GALT and dissemintates throughout all lymphatics
enlarged mesenteric and peripheral lymph nodes, necrosis, hemorrhage, granulomatous enteritis |
|
|
Term
| Canine Histiocytic Ulcerative Colitis |
|
Definition
disease in young Boxers
anywhere from soft stool to hemorrhagic diarrhea
E.coli cause raised ulcerated nodules in colonic mucosa
enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes with lots of macrophages in them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
disease in cattle, pigs, dogs, cats
Eimeria-herbivores
Isospora-carnivores
cycles of sexual and asexual reproduction causes lysis of enterocytes
secondary bacterial infections
can be due to crowding, sanitation
Dogs, Cats, Cattle- necrotizing, hemorrhage
Pigs- fibrinonecrosis with pseudomembranes |
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Term
| Johne's Disease Pathogenesis |
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Definition
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
chronic diarrhea and wasting in cattle
infection occurs early in life but disease takes 1.5 years or more to develop
bacteria are eaten by macrophages but they can't break them down
bacteria and macrophages proliferate |
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Term
|
Definition
macrophages spread out in sheets wihin lamina propria
spread apart crypts and villi
no fibrosis and little necrosis
ileum, colon, cecum are thick with rugose wrinkled mucosa
ileo-ceco-colic lymph nodes are enlarged and full of macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
Rhodococcus equi in foals
normal inhabitant of GI tract
easily killed by neutrophils
if get into macrophages, cause pyogranulmoatous lesions in Peyer's patches, GALT of ileum, and to the rest of the mesenteric lymph nodes |
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Term
| Histoplasmal enterocolitis |
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Definition
Histoplasma capsulatum
ulcerative granulomatous ileocolitis
thick, corrugated mucosa with deep granulomatous nodules with necrotic centers
macrophages laden with basophilic yeast |
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Term
|
Definition
Dogs- Ancyclostoma, Uncinaria
Cattle- Bunostomum
Pigs- Globocephalus |
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Term
|
Definition
adult worms burrown into proximal small intestinal mucosa
latch onto blood vessel and feed
focal eosinophilic enteritis occurs where nematodes attach |
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Term
|
Definition
Trichuriasis
burrow into wall of cecum/colon
necrohemorrhagic typhlocolitis in severe infestations |
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Term
|
Definition
threadworm
burrow into small intestine mucosa and produce localized eosinophilic enteritis |
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Term
|
Definition
low morbidity, high mortality disease of post-weaning pigs
intracellular bacteria live in ileal crypt epithelium
stimulate crypts to elongate and thickens mucosa
villi become shortened and have secretory/ malabsorptive diarrhea
become poor doers |
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Term
| Feline Infectious Peritonitis |
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Definition
mutated enteric corona virus that has already infected the cat
survives and proliferates in macrophages
cats with a poor cell-mediated response cannot kill the infection but enhance macrophage activation that can't kill the virus |
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Term
| Feline Infectious Peritonitis Wet Form |
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Definition
infected macrophages migrate to perivascular area around veins
mediators from macrophages cause endothelial contraction and type III hypersensitivity vasculitis
damaged venules leak plasma
clotting cascade activated and fibrin deposited all over surface of abdominal organs |
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Term
| Feline Infectious Peritonitis Dry Form |
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Definition
pyogranulomatour vasculitis
perivasculitis in GI tract, liver, kidney, eyes, brain |
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Term
|
Definition
Haemophilus suis/parasuis
causes polyserositis
affects peritoneal, pleural, pericardial, synovial, meningeal
strands of fibrin deposited all over abdominal cavity |
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Term
| Polyserositis in Pigs Bacteria |
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Definition
Haemophilus suis
Haemophilus parasuis
Mycoplasma hyorhinis
Streptococcus suis |
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Term
| Gastrointestinal stromal tumor |
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Definition
leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma
locally aggressive
long time to metastasize
solid, expansile, space occupying
cause obstruction and are detected early |
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Term
| Intestinal Mast Cell Tumor |
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Definition
dogs and cats
cell-mediated, T-cell dependent
lymphocytes infiltrate intestinal mast cell tumors
ulcerate and bleed from vasoactive substances in mast cells |
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Term
|
Definition
common in cat
efface lamina propria and form sheets in mucosa
infiltrate along fascial planes through muscularis to serosal surface
affects loop is thick, pale, cobblestone appearance
B-cell origin |
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Term
|
Definition
link between chronic longstanding IBD and intestinal lymphosarcoma
lymphocyte infiltration that remains in mucosa |
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