Term
| what are the 3 subdivisions of the small intenstines? |
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Definition
duodenum- (is the first 10")bile duct and pancreatic duct empties bile and digestive enzymes in am ampulla in the duodenum
jejunum- largest amount of absorption
lleum- longest segment |
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Term
| what makes the in the surface area large in the intestines? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are Plicae circulares? |
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Definition
| permanent fold that force the chyme to slowly spiral through lumen. |
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Term
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Definition
| finger like extensions lined with absorbs mucosa cells with central lymph lacteals and capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny projections of the absorptive cells that have brush border enzymes |
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Term
| what are intestinal crypts? |
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Definition
| between villi contain cells that make the digestive hormones secretin and cholecystkinin |
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Term
| what comes out of the stomach? |
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Definition
| Chyme partial digestive, proteins and carbohydrates |
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Term
| where does biocarbonate come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the liver located? |
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Definition
| just under the diaphragm on the right side mainly |
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Term
| what is the largest gland in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many lobes does the liver have and what are they? |
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Definition
| 4. the right, left are the main lobes, caudate and quadrate smaller lobes on the bottom |
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Term
| where does the liver receive nutrient- rich blood? |
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Definition
| from the intestines via the hepatic portal vein |
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Term
| what are the functions and characteristic of the Hepatocyte? |
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Definition
1. process blood borne nutrients
2. store fat soluble (A,D,E,K)
3. perform detoxification
4. produce 900 ml bile per day
5.sythesize most of the plasma protein
6. able to self- regenrate much more than most |
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Term
| can the liver fix to itself? |
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Definition
| yes but only small amount |
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Term
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Definition
| yellow green, alkaline solution produced by liver cells. |
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Term
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Definition
Bile salts- detergents for fat emulsificarion and absorption
bilirubin- breaks down of the hemoglobin from old red blood cells |
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Term
| where are bile salts reabsorbed? |
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Definition
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Term
| where are live cells organized |
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Definition
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Term
| what do lobules have at each four corners? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are liver sinusoidal capillaries? |
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Definition
| are leaky capillaries that are interwined between hepatic plates |
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Term
| where does the liver get oxygenated blood from? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what does the gall bladder do? |
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Definition
| a sac that stores bile by absorbing water and ions from the bile |
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Term
| where does the bile get released in from the gall bladder? |
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Definition
| the cystic duct that goes to the duodenum |
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Term
| what are some names of liver diseases? |
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Definition
1. Hepatitis- inflammation due to hepatitis virus
2. Cirrhosis destruction and fibrosis liver from chronic inflammation. |
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Term
| what does the pancreas do? |
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Definition
| performs endocrine function insulin production and exocrine function. also produces juice and digestive juices that are transported to the duodenum via duct |
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Term
| where is the pancreas located? |
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Definition
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Term
| is pancreas juice basic or alkaline |
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Definition
| alkaline pH8 that neutralize acid chyme |
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Term
| what are the enzymes in the pancreas? |
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Definition
Amylase- digestive carbohydrates
lipase-digestive lipids
pancreatic proteases-digestive proteins
Trypsin
Carboxypeptidase
Chymotrypsin |
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Term
| what is the main function of the Large Intestine (colon) |
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Definition
| reclaim water, vitamins, and electrolytes from bowel contents |
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Term
| what are unique features of the large intestine? |
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Definition
1. Teniae coli- three bans of longitudinal smooth muscle inthe muscularis layer of the wall
2. Haustra- pocket like sacs caused by the tone of the teniae coli |
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Term
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Definition
| things that go through ducts? |
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Term
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Definition
| goes to the blood but doesnt go through ducts |
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Term
| what are the regions of the large intestine? |
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Definition
1. Cecum (pouch with attached appendix)
2. Colon
3. Rectum
4. Anal Canal |
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Term
| how is the transverse colon and sigmoid colon anchored? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| how many valves top feces from being passed? |
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Definition
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Term
| what sphincter has involuntary control |
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Definition
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