Empty the colon

-laxatives, cathartics, purgatives

coats the stool for easier passage. mineral oil in horses. Glycerin suppositories.

Cat Lax, Laxatone, Petrol. jelly.

DDS: Docusate Sodium Succinate- decreases the surface tension of the stool by allowing the passage of h20 into it

Bran, Psyllium(Metamucil), Pumpkin.

Fiber retains h20 in feces making better colonic contractions

Evacuate the colon(radiographs)

irritant and osmotic

increases peristalsis d.t. irritation of the bowel

ex castor oil. not commonly used

Osmotic cathartics

Epsom salts, Milk of magnesia(most common)

high doses of mg result in toxicity -> musc weakness and CNS alterations

osmotic cathartic

poorly absorbed, stays in GI tract

used for chronic constipation and hepatic encephalopathy

VERY hydophilic

phosphate enemas (FLEET)- very dangerous in cats and small dogs, ^P leads to decreased Ca

hypocalcemia->death, siezures

prokinetic drug: ^ movement in GI tract

removed from human market in 2000

available thru compounding pharm.

Anti-bloat Med.

stimulate atonic or falaccid rumen

Mercury, strychnine, tartar, plant.

Neostigmine-prevents ACh-ase from breaking down ACh, ^ PNS signs

Ruminal tympany-not burping, gas is under pressure

Eructation-burp

Frothy bloat- small air bubbles cant be eructated

• work by decreasing surface tension which breaks up gas bubbles-> BURP!
• DSS, mineral oil, detergents

most GI dz not d.t. bacterial

broad spectrum antibiotics rarely recommended

Fecal cytology recommended

Tylosin & Metronidazole

Macrolide antibiotic

used in cattle and swine to treat GI infections

death in horses

dogs and cats- antiinflammatory

-Selectively kills: anaerobes including clostridia and protozoans including giardia

-Commonly used for acute colitis & chronic diarrhea on unknown origin. Lg bowel diarrhea

-The most common iatrogenic cause of neuro problems in dogs

-Use w/ caution w/ liver or renal dz. Not recommended in prego. animals

Calves, lambs, foal

• scours: diarrhea
• oral electrolyte supplements
• Sodium, Potassium, Chloride

Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency

   -voluminious, pale, greasy stool

Replace pancreatic enzymes

   -hog pancreas

Powder form pereferred

Pancreazyme® and Viokase-V®

Inflammatory bowel dz

SE: immunosuppression, ^ gastric acidity, prosta. suppression, decreased healing, ^ risk of infection

• immunosuppressant
• anti-rejection drug
• chemtherapy drug
• step up from glucocorticoids