Term
| Name the 3 regions of the stomach |
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Definition
1. Fundus
2. Body
3. Antrum |
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Term
| What are the secretory differences between the body and antrum of stomach? |
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Definition
- Body secretes mucous, HCL, pepsin
- Antrum secretes mucous, pepsin and gastrin |
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Term
| What are the 3 functions of the stomach? |
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Definition
1. Secretion of acid, mucous and proenzymes
2. Mixing
3. Storage of bolus |
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Term
| (T/F) There is evidence of both CNS and GI involvement during the vomiting reflex |
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Definition
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Term
| List two health risks associated with vomiting? |
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Definition
- Aspiration
- Electrolyte imbalance |
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Term
| List the 4 steps to the vomiting reflex? |
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Definition
1. Glottis closes
2. LES relaxes
3. Reverse peristaltic waves
4. Abdominal contraction |
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Term
| List 5 stimuli for vomiting? |
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Definition
- GIT distention
- GIT irritation
- Intracranial pressure/motion sickness
- Drugs
- Noxious perceptions |
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Term
| What are noxious perceptions? |
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Definition
| The perception of a potentially tissue damaging event, or an event that actually occurs |
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Term
| (T/F) Gastritis can be life threatening |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the stomach mucosa |
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Term
| What does chronic gastritis lead to? Is this pathology limited to the stomach? |
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Definition
| Ulcers; no, can have duodenal ulcers as well |
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Term
| (T/F) Helicobacter pylori has not been shown to be linked with gastritis |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does helicobacter pylori presence in the stomach usually cause? How can this lead to ulceration? |
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Definition
| Gastritis - inflammation. If infection is not taken care of, chronic inflammation usually leads to ulceration |
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Term
| What percentage of patients with ulcers have an H-Pylori infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is dumping syndrome? Does it have a well defined etiology? |
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Definition
| Repeated gastric emptying; no, it is considered idiopathic |
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Term
| Although dumping syndrome is considered idiopathic, what is it often linked with? |
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Definition
| Reduction in stomach size/volume after bariatric surgery |
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Term
| What is bariatric surgery? |
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Definition
| A operation to reduce the capacity of the stomach |
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Term
| What characterizes a malabsorptive bariatric operation? |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) The stomach is often completely removed during bariatric surgery |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 3 bariatric strategies. Which is most common, and what is done in each case? |
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Definition
1. Roux-en-Y: stomach is bypassed (or a new, smaller stomach is added)
2. Adjustable gastric banding (most common): adjustable band is added to stomach that can control stomach size
3. Sleeve gastrectomy: much of stomach is walled off, and a small opening is left for food to enter the stomach |
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Term
| (T/F) Both publicly funded, and privately paid bariatric surgies occur in Canada? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the characteristics of publicly paid surgeries |
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Definition
- Longer wait time
- R-en-Y usually used (Much better for treating co-morbities; major surjery therefore more risks |
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Term
| List the characteristics of privately paid surgeries |
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Definition
- More expensive
- Shorter wait
- AGB is most common (Safer and faster) |
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Term
| Why is bariatric surgery considered an effective treatment for TII diabetes? |
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Definition
| Because it results the reduction of adverse outcomes of obesity and an increased lifespan |
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Term
|
Definition
| Delayed emptying of the stomach |
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Term
| Why is it common in diabetes? |
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Definition
| The pathologies that affect the nervous system affect the ENS as well, and this impaired function results in delayed emptying |
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Term
| What can cause the stomach to fail to empty? |
|
Definition
- Pyloric stenosis
- Defective spincherter in neonate
- ENS abnormality causes no inhibitory innervation, therefore the pyloric sphincter is always shut |
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Term
| What are 3 functional problems that can occur in the stomach? |
|
Definition
1. Dumping syndrome
2. Gastroparesis - Delayed emptying
3. Failure to empty |
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