Term
What is the likely type of agent if a patient presents with high volume watery diarrhea?
How would it change if there was lower volume with blood and WBC's? |
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Definition
High Volume Watery:
Viral or Enterotoxin producing bacteria
Blood and WBC: Bacterial |
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Term
What is the most common cause of infantile diarrhea?
When does that virus shed the most?
How are viral diarrheas treated? |
|
Definition
Rotavirus
Shedding: 2-5 days
Tx: Fluid and electrolyte treatment |
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Term
What are the structural characteristics of Rotavirus?
What is the pathogenesis of Rotavirus? |
|
Definition
Structure:
No envelope
Double capsid(outer is necessary)
Segemented dsRNA (11 segments)
RNA Polymerase
Pathogenesis
Low infectious dose
GI Protease activates the virus
VP4 and VP7 bind Sialic Acid
NSP4 promotes fluid loss
Infected cells die
Microvilli Shorten
Mononuclear infiltrate
Large and Post-Diarrheal Shedding |
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Term
What serotype of rotavirus is common in young children and Which is common in older people?
Does immunity develope to Rotavirus?
What is the seasonal pattern of rotavirus? |
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Definition
Infants: Serotype A
Older: Serotype B
Immunity: Somewhat with IgA
Seasonal:
Starts in Autumn on the West coast
Ends in Spring on the East coast
|
|
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Term
| How do Norwalk and rotaviruses differ by age group affected, location, seasonal patterns, transmission vectors? |
|
Definition
Rotavirus:
Seasonal
Daycare Centers
Fomites
Younger children
Norwalk Virus
Year-round
Cruiseships
Contaminated food or water
Adults |
|
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Term
What are the Infantile diarrheal viruses?
What are the infant, child or adult viruses? |
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Definition
Infant
Rotavirus
Adenovirus
Coxsackie Virus
Adult
Norwalk
Astrovirus
Rotavirus B
Reovirus |
|
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Term
| What is a necessity for the rotavirus infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is there a vaccine to Rotavirus and what was the problem some attempts? |
|
Definition
There are licencsed ones
Attempts: intusseption
|
|
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Term
What is the structure of Norwalk virus?
What pathologies of infection can be seen?
How do caliciviruses appear on EM?
Can Norwalk virus cause vomiting? |
|
Definition
Non-enveloped (+) ssRNA virus
Path:
Mononuclear infiltrated
Microvilli blunting
EM: Six-pointed Star
Vomiting: Yes
|
|
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Term
What area of the intestines is colonized during viral diarrheal infections?
How can the virus be indentified |
|
Definition
Small intestines
Viral ID:
Elisa for Antigen
EM
Serology |
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