Term
Describe the virulence factors of the trophozoite form of Entamoeba hystolitica
Are they anaerobic?
What is the benign species of Entamoeba |
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Definition
Trophozoite
Lectins: Galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine Phagocytosis: Bacteria and RBC's
Cytocidal Secretion(Amebapore enzymes)
Histiolytic enzymes
Antibody capping
Anaerobic: No Mitochondria, (Mitoplast)
Benign Species: Dispar |
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Term
What is the pathogenesis and resulting pathologies of entamoeba hystolitica? |
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Definition
Trophozoites emerge in small bowel, colonize large bowel
Galactose/N-acetylgalactoseamine lectins
Pore-forming enzymes lyse cells
Antibody capping
Severe acute Inflammation
Manifestations:
GI Mucosal Ulcers(Many PMN's)
Hepatic abcesses: no inflamation
Lung: Pneumonia, Peritonitis
Pericardial Infection |
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Term
| Structural characteristics of Giardia lambia and the process of cyst formation |
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Definition
Binucleate with 4 pairs of flagella
Sucker Structure
No mitochondria
Cysts
Decreased cholesterol-> Flagella retraction, one cell division(4 nuclei)
GalNAc polymer cell wall formation |
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Term
What is the presentation of acute and chronic Giardiasis
What deficiency is seen long term? |
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Definition
Explosive diarrhea
Foul-smelling, floating stool
Gas production
No blood or mucus
Chronic:
Malabsorption: Carbs/Fats and B12
Loose Stools/Flatulence/Discomfort |
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Term
What is the replication strategy of cryptosporidium?
How does cryptosporidium infection present?
What is the infectious form?
Is it facultative or obligate intracellular? |
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Definition
Replication:
Sexual and Asexual reproduction
Immunocompetant: Self-limiting diarrhea
Immunocompromised:
Explosive/Perfuse diarrhea
Severe fluid and weight loss->Death
Infectious Form: oocysts
Obligate Intracellular* |
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Term
What can Cyclospora and cryptosporidium be stained with?
Which is treatable? |
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Definition
Acid fast stain
Cyclospora is treatable
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Term
What are the key features of Microsporidium?
How does the Microsporidiosis infection of Enterocytozon beneusi and Encephalitozoan intestinalis manifest differently? |
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Definition
Key Features
Obligate intracellular fungi
Polar tubule for Harpooning
Manifestations(opportunistic):
Enterocytozon beneusi:
Diarrhea and Acalculous cholecystitis
Encephalitozoan intestinalis:
Diarrhea-> Ocular, GU, Respiratory |
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Term
| What is the major reservior of E. hystolitica and Balantidium coli |
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Definition
Histolytica: Humans
Balantidium: Pigs |
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Term
What is the presentation of balantidium coli infection?
What is the reservoir?
What can it be confused with?
What type of organism is it? |
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Definition
Diarrhea<-> Dysentery
Mostly affects diasbled people
Reservoir: Pigs
Confused with: Entamoeba Histolytica
Organism: Ciliate organism |
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Term
Where are oocysts of cryptosporidium found?
How can infection be prevented? |
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Definition
Found on any major water surface
Prevention: Boiling water for 1 min |
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Term
What are the cysts of Entamoeba histolitica resistant to?
How many trophozoites does a cyst produce? |
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Definition
Cysts
Heat tolerant(55 C)
Chlorine resistant
Acid Resistant
8 trophozoites per cyst |
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Term
What Protozoan parasite can cause:
Acalculous cholesistitis
Ocular/Respiratory/Urogenital Problems
Liver/Lung/Perciardial Abcesses |
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Definition
Acalculous Chol: Enterocytozoan benuesi(Microsporidia)
Ocular/Resp/GU: Encephalitozoan intestinalis(Microsporidia)
Liver/Lung/Pericardial: E. histolytica |
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Term
What is the infectious form of E. hystolytica?
What location do the trophozoite form predominate in humans? |
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Definition
Cysts
Large Bowel: causes tenesmus |
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Term
| What are the infectious forms of each protozoan parasite? |
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Definition
E. hystolitica: Cyst
Giardia lamblia: Cyst
Cryptosporidium: Oocyst
Cyclospora: Oocyst
Microsporidium: Spores
Balantidium coli: Cyst |
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