Term
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Definition
osmotic laxative:
Use: low doses for stool softener, high doses for fluid evac. of bowel
Teach: Watch for dehydration, not for pt's with renal disease d/t magnesium toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
osmotic laxative:
Use:Bowel evac, OR prep, dx procedures
Teach: does NOT alter fluid or electrolyte status, ~4L total in 250-300 ml increments every 10 mins for 2-3 hrs
Have BSC ready |
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Term
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Definition
Broad spectrum antibiotic
Use: Multi uses including Tx of Recurrent Apthuous Ulcers (RAU)
Teach: Dairy, iron, antacids decrease effectiveness; take on empty stomach w/ full H2O 1-2 hrs pre-meal; take 1 hour pre-bed to prevent esophageal irritation; causes photosensitivity
Can cause permanent yellow discoloration, enamel defects and bone growth delays in children under 8 y.o. & caution in pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
Broad spectrum antibiotic
Use: Multi uses including Tx of Recurrent Apthuous Ulcers (RAU)
Teach:Dairy, iron, antacids decrease effectiveness; take on empty stomach w/ full H2O 1-2 hrs pre-meal; take 1 hour pre-bed to prevent esophageal irritation; causes photosensitivity
Can cause brownish tooth discoloration in young adults |
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Term
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Definition
Antiviral
Use:Tx of herpes simplex (incl. Herpes S Virus stomatitis), varicella and herpes zoster
Teach: tx won't prevent spread of infection, may decrease WBC, may increase BUN & Creat. (decrease dose for pt's with kidney impairment). IV Tx for immunocompromised - hydrate during and 2 hrs post infusion minimize kidney damage. oral suspensions available for normal immune fx |
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Term
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Definition
Antifungal
Use: Tx of candidiasis (oral candidiasis/thrush)
Teach: if lozenge form, have pt hold in mouth until dissolved, if suspension hold in mouth several minutes before swallowing |
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Term
| Antacids (amphogel, milk of magnesia, Maalox, Mylanta) |
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Definition
Action: neutralize stomach acid & assist gastric emptying
Admin: Maalox, Mylanta can cause may cause constipation, MoM may cause diarrhea. Combo may be better
Don't take other meds at same time --> may alter absorption
Take 1 hour before meals w/ 8 oz water
Watch for Na+ content esp pt's with CHF and HTN |
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Term
| H2 blockers (tagamet, pepcid, zantac, axid) |
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Definition
Action: Inhibit histamine at the H2 receptor site, thus inhibiting gastric acid secretion
Admin: available OTC at low doses; antacids interfere with absorption of H2 blocker...take hour apart; take with meals (if NPO, doesn't matter how schedule is set up); reduced dosing with renal impairment |
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Term
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Definition
Action: stimulate acetylcholine release from GI nerve endings - increased GI motility and tone of LES; blocks dopamine in CZT (nausea center of brain) of the CNS. tx of N/V
Admin: EPS! avoid ETOH and CNS depressants - will enhance CNS depressant effects; don't drive until stabilized
CONTRAINDICATED: GI obstruction
Available IV (give slow over 2 mins), PO, SC, IM |
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Term
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Definition
Action: creates barrier against acid and pepsin, does NOT neutralize acid or inhibit acid secretion
Admin: oral suspension or tab placed in water to make slurry; may decrease absorption of some drugs; antacids decrease effectiveness of carafate; take on empty stomach - 1 hour before meals and bedtime |
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Term
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Definition
Admin: inhibits gastric acid secretion, can increase bicarbonate and mucous production.
Admin: diarrhea & abdominal pain common s/e; give w/ food; prostaglandins (this drug) cause uterine contractions so CONTRAINDICATED IN PREGNANCY!!! |
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Term
| Proton Pump Inhibitors - "PPI's" (Prilosec, losec, prevacid, aciphex, protonix, nexium) |
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Definition
| Admin: Possible alteration in B12 and iron absorption; Long term use may be associated with community acquired pneumonia and vulnerabilty to GI infections,and may contribute to osteoporotic related fractures, especially spinal fractures in old women; Prilosec reduced effect of Plavis |
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