Term
| What is the screening test for GIST tumor |
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Definition
| Immunohistochemistry for cKit |
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Term
| What are the syndromes associated with pancreatic islet cell tumors? |
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Definition
Zollinger-Ellison: Gastrinoma-> Diarrhea and Ulcers
Verner-Morrison: VIPoma-> Watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, achlorohydria
Glucagonoma: Gallstones, Hyperglycemia, Necrolytic Migratory Erythema |
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Term
| Why are GI tumors removed even after metastasis? |
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Definition
| Alleviate some symptoms for comfort |
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Term
What is the best way to evaluate the prognosis of a GI tumor?
What is the best study to Initally stage a GI tumor? |
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Definition
TMN staging
Stage: Spiral CT |
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Term
Mutations associated with colon cancer?
What sex presents earlier with colon cancer?
What dietary factors protect against colon cancer?
What are the major fisk factors for colon cancer?
What are the major signs of colon cancer? |
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Definition
Mutations
K-Ras
APC
p53
DCC
Sex: Males
Dietary Protection: Fiber, Calcium, Vitamin Risk Factors:
Diet
Age
Previous Polyps
Family History
Blood Loss
IBD
Signs
Obstruction
Bleeding
Liver Failure
Pain
Weight Loss |
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Term
| When should you suspect a polyp syndrome |
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Definition
Family History
Multiple lesions
Extraintestinal sites
Young people |
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Term
| What is Garner's syndrome |
|
Definition
FAP with:
Duodenal Adenomas
Osteomas
Retinal AVMs
Epidermoid Cysts
Desmoid Tumors |
|
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Term
What is the mutation in HNPCC?
How is it inherited?
What is the difference between Lynch I and II? |
|
Definition
Mis-match repair system
AD
I: Isolated to the colon |
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Term
What is Peutz-Jehgers Syndrome?
What are GI and extra-intestinal signs? |
|
Definition
AD Hamartomatous Polyps of Small intestine
GI: Intussuception, Bleeding
Brown macular pigment of the Lips and Buccal
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Term
How do you test for GI bleeding
How would hemorrhoid bleeding be differentiated from bleedign due to colon cancer? |
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Definition
Tests: FOBT, CBC
Differentiation: Can't differentiate |
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Term
| What is the screening protocol for Colon Cancer |
|
Definition
Age 50
Age 40 or 5 years before age of 1st degree w/ polyp or 10 years before 1st degree w/ cancer
UC: 7 yr post-onset
Survey: 10 years post(-) colonoscopy
5 years if polyp
3 years if Advanced Adenoma(>3,>10cm, villuous/High Grade Dysplasia)
6 months and 1 year after cancer dx |
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Term
| What are the pors and cons to Flexible Sigmoidoscopy and Colonoscopy |
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Definition
Flex sig: Inexpensive, Less complications less accurate
Colonoscopy: Accurate, more complications(perforations) |
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Term
What is the major mutation associated with Pancreatic cancer?
What are markers for pancreatic cancer? |
|
Definition
K-ras
Markers:
CEA: Use to monitor and evaluate prognosis after treatment
Ca 19-9: More Diagnostic
|
|
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Term
What are some possible signs of Pancreatic cancer
What is the major mutation associated with pancreatic cancer?
What are the markers?
How is it treated? |
|
Definition
Signs
Pancreatitis
Weight loss Depression
Distended Gall bladder(courvoiser's
Umbillical Nodes(Sister Mary joseph Nodes)
Flank Bruising:Grey-Turner's Sign
Mutation: K-RAS
Markers: CEA, CA19-9
Tx: Whipple's Procedure
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Term
Risks factors for squamous esophageal cancer
Risk factors for adenocarcinoma of the esophogus?
What genes are associated with adenocarcinoma of the esophogus? |
|
Definition
Squamous:
Smoking
Alcohol
Black men
Smoke cooking of foods
Adeno:
Obesity
High Fat Diet
Duration and Frequency of heartburn
Adeno Gene: p53 |
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Term
Major risk factors for Gastric Cancer
what is usually the first sign of gastric cancer? |
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Definition
Gastric
H. pylori
A. American Males
Elderly
First Sign: Early Satiety |
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Term
What are some causes of hepatocellular carcinoma?
Are paraneoplastic syndromes common?
What is the screening for hepatocellular Carcinoma
What is the most sensitive screening?
When is screening indicated? |
|
Definition
Causes
Cirrhosis: HepC, HepB, Hemochromatosis
Aflatoxins
Thorotrast
Paraneoplastic syndromes: Common
Screen: Ultrasound and Alpha-Feto Protein
Most Sensitive: CT/MRI
Who:
All pateints with Hep B
Any patient with cirrhosis |
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Term
Common tumors of the Small Intestine
What syndromes are they associated with? |
|
Definition
Adenocarcinoma
Carcinoid
Lymphoma: More distal small intestine
Syndromes:
Peutz-Jeqher's Polyps: Hemarthromas
Gardner's Syndrome: FAP w/ Extracolonic sites
Crohn's: Ileal Cancer |
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Term
When does Gallbladder cancer typically present?
What presentation carries the highest risk? |
|
Definition
Age: >70 years old
Highest risk: Porcelain Gallbladder |
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