Term
| What is the innermost layer of the GI tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the mucosa, what are the layers going from innermost to outermost? |
|
Definition
| lining epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa |
|
|
Term
| The lining epithelium of the mucosa ____________ to form _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The lamina propria of the mucosa contains... |
|
Definition
| blood vessels and lymphatic nodules |
|
|
Term
| What type of muscle makes up the muscularis mucosa layer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What layer is under the mucosa of the GI tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the submucosa? |
|
Definition
| provides the nerve, vascular, and lymphatic supply to the mucosa |
|
|
Term
| In the esophagus and duodenum, the submucosa contains ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structure is responsible for autonomic innervation of the GI tract wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The mucosa and submucosa form _____ in the stomach and _____ _______ in the small intestine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the third layer of tissue in the GI tract, right under the submucosa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What layers does the muscularis externa have? |
|
Definition
| inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer |
|
|
Term
| What structure is found in the muscularis externa and is responsible for it's innervation? |
|
Definition
| Auerbach's plexus (myenteric plexus) |
|
|
Term
| What is the outermost layer of the GI tract in the retroperitoneal organs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the outermost layer of the GI tract in intraperitoneal organs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of cells make up the adventitia and serosa? |
|
Definition
| simple squamous epithelial cells |
|
|
Term
| The lips are lined with thin _________ externally. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of cells make up the inner surface of the lips? |
|
Definition
| non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelial cells |
|
|
Term
| The central core of the lips is formed by what muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The crown of a tooth is covered by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which layer is most superficial: enamel or dentin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the dentin contain? |
|
Definition
| soft tissue called the pulp |
|
|
Term
| The root of a tooth is covered by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is more external: cementum or dentin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the parts of a tooth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of muscle makes up the tongue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The posterior 1/3 of the tongue is actually the... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of cells make up the dorsal surface of the tongue? |
|
Definition
| non-keratinized squamous epithelial cells |
|
|
Term
| What are the four types of lingual papillae? |
|
Definition
| filiform, fungiform, circumvallate, foliate |
|
|
Term
| What is significant about lingual papillae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of lingual papillae does NOT contain taste buds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of lingual papillae are not well-developed in humans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Ebner's glands and which type of lingual papillae are they found in? |
|
Definition
| minor salivary glands; associated with the circumvallate papillae |
|
|
Term
| What type of cells make up the mucosa of the esophagus? |
|
Definition
| non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelial cells |
|
|
Term
| What is the found in the submucosa of the esophagus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type(s) of muscle makes up the muscularis externa in the upper 1/3 of the esophagus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type(s) of muscle makes up the muscularis externa of the middle 1/3 of the esophagus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type(s) of muscle make up the muscularis externa of the lower 1/3 of the esophagus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At the beginning of the stomach, the cell type of the mucosa changes from __________ to ____________. |
|
Definition
| non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (esophagus) to simple columnar epithelium (stomach) |
|
|
Term
| The epithelium in the stomach invaginates into the mucosa to form _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of gastric pits? |
|
Definition
| serve to increase surface area of the gastric lining |
|
|
Term
| What is found in the lamina propria of the stomach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which regions of the stomach have rugae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of mucous neck cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are mucous neck cells found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are stem cells found? |
|
Definition
| stomach and large intestine |
|
|
Term
| Stem cells in the stomach replace all cells except the ___________ cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are parietal cells located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Parietal cells found within the stomach have round ________ located nuclei and ___________ cytoplasm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the parietal cells in the stomach? |
|
Definition
| secrete HCl and gastric intrinsic factor |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of gastric intrinsic factor? |
|
Definition
| essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 |
|
|
Term
| Where are chief cells found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chief cells found in the stomach have __________ located nuclei and _________ cytoplasm. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of chief cells in the stomach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four types of enteroendocrine cells found in the stomach? |
|
Definition
A cells
D cells
EC cells
G cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do EC cells secrete? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structure is found in the submucosa of the stomach and is responsible for it's innervation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the layers of the muscularis externa in the stomach from innermost to outermost? |
|
Definition
| oblique, circular, longitudinal |
|
|
Term
| What layer of the muscularis externa forms the pyloric sphincter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structure is found in the muscularis externa of the stomach that is repsonsible for it's innervation? |
|
Definition
| myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) |
|
|
Term
| In the muscularis externa of the stomach, which layers is Auerbach's plexus found between? |
|
Definition
| circular and longitudinal layers |
|
|
Term
| What are the four common features of all sections of the small intestine? |
|
Definition
plicae ciculares
intestinal villi
intestinal glands
microvilli |
|
|
Term
| What are plicae circulares? |
|
Definition
| found in the small intestine; also called valves of Kerkring; transverse folds |
|
|
Term
| What are intestinal villi? |
|
Definition
| finger-like projections of the mucosa of the small intestine |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for intestinal glands found in the small intestine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What differentiates the duodenum from other sections of the small intestine? |
|
Definition
| Brunner's glands in the submucosa |
|
|
Term
| What differentiates the jejunum from other sections of the small intestine? |
|
Definition
long, finger-like villi
no submucosal glands |
|
|
Term
| What differentiates the ileum from other sections of the small intestine? |
|
Definition
Peyer's patches
fewer villi (eventually disappear in terminal portion of ileum) |
|
|
Term
| What are Peyer's patches and where are they found? |
|
Definition
| aggregates of lymphoid follicles found in the ileum |
|
|
Term
| What types of cells are found in the small intestine? |
|
Definition
enterocytes
goblet cells
enteroendocrine cells
paneth cells |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of goblet cells in the small intestine? |
|
Definition
| secrete mucous for protection of the mucosa |
|
|
Term
| Where are paneth cells found and what is their function? |
|
Definition
found in the small intestine
secrete substances that serve as protection from pathogenic organisms |
|
|
Term
| What cell types make up the mucosa of the large intestine? |
|
Definition
simple columnar epithelial cells
glandular epithelial cells
lymphoid follicles |
|
|
Term
| What types of cells are found in the simple columnar epithelium of the large intestine mucosa? |
|
Definition
| enterocytes and goblet cells |
|
|
Term
| What types of cells are found in the glandular epithelium of the large intestine mucosa? |
|
Definition
enterocytes
goblet cells
stem cells
enteroendocrine cells |
|
|
Term
| The longitudinal layer of the muscularis of the large intestine forms ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The serosa of the large intestine contains _______ ________ which are just adipose tissue. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disappears in the anal canal? |
|
Definition
| crypts of Lieberkuhn (intestinal glands) |
|
|
Term
| What type of epithelium is found in the anal canal? |
|
Definition
| simple columnar until the pectinate line, then it turns into stratified squamous |
|
|
Term
| What layer of the muscularis externa forms the internal anal sphincter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the characteristic feature of the appendix? |
|
Definition
| multiple lymphatic follicles |
|
|
Term
| In the colon, there are no _______ or _______ ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the colon, the abundant crypts of Lieberkuhn and goblet cells __________ in number from the cecum to the sigmoid colon. |
|
Definition
|
|
