Term
| what are the four sources of input to the vomiting center? |
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Definition
-vagus nerve(root of signaling from periphery)
-inner ear
-cerebral cortex
-crtz |
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Term
| how do areas of the brain talk to each other? |
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Definition
| neurotransmitters/synapses. axons synapse on some area of vomiting center(cell bodies) and neurotransmitters are going to be released. |
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Term
| whats the neurotransmitter the vagus nerve uses for input? |
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Definition
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Term
| neurotransmitter for cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| neurotransmitter from vestibular apparatus to vomiting center? |
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Definition
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Term
| crtz communicates to vomiting center with what? |
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Definition
| histamine, dopamine, serotonin |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulate more production of dopamine in CRTZ |
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Term
|
Definition
| stimulate serotonin in crtz |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulation that can cause vomiting. |
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Term
| emetics: centrally acting(2)= round about the brain, directly stimulating neurotransmitters that directly stimulates the vomiting center. |
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Definition
1.apomorphine - crtz(dogs have more receptors for opioid - increase dopamine)
2.xylazine - ROMPIN (cats have more receptors to alpha 2 drugs-alpha2) |
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Term
| emetics: locally acting emetics(cause irritation to stomach lining, input from stomach to vagus -not as effective as centrally acting) |
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Definition
| hydrogen peroxide, mustard, ect. |
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Term
| antiemetics :phenothiazine tranquilizers*broad spectrum (neurotransmitter inhibition) |
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Definition
-acepromazine(sedatioin/antiemetic for motion sickness)
-chlorpromazine
-prochlorperazine |
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Term
| antiemetics: antihistamines(neurotransmitter inhibition) |
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Definition
-dimenhyrdrinate
-diphenhydramine- BENADRYL |
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Term
| neurotransmitter inhibition |
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Definition
-phenothiazine
-antihistamines
-anticholinergic (atropine-competitive inhibition)
-serotonin |
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Term
| antiemetics: serotonin antagonists(neurotransmitter inhibition) |
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Definition
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Term
| antiemetic: prokinetic drugs (stimulates motility in gut) |
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Definition
-metoclopramide- REGLAN(also anticholinergic)
-cisapride |
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Term
| metoclopramide- peripheral effects: closing of esophageal sphincter, relaxation opening of pyloric sphincter, and increases gastric motility/contractions of stomach.(problems emptying stomach) |
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Definition
| centrally acting anti emetic-stimulates motility in GI/blocks dopamine and serotonin- crtz(parvo puppies, chemo) |
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Term
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Definition
causes
-endotoxins
-increase secretion
-increase motility
-decreased motility
-decrease absorption
-inflammation |
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Term
| antidiarrheals : anticholinergic- traps toxin(bad!) |
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Definition
decrease motility, decrease secretion
aminopentamide- causes segmented spasm=constipation |
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Term
| antidiarrheals: opioid narcotics- segmental spasm |
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Definition
diphenoxylate(lomotl)
loperamide(imodium) |
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Term
| antidiarrheals: anti inflammatory |
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Definition
bismuth subsalicylate: PEPTO BISMOL, KAOPECTATE- anti inflammatory / aspirin like (No cats)
flunixin: BANAMINE 1. NSAID 2.analgesic 3. anti-endotoxin 4.anti secretory
sulfasalazine(colitis) covalent bond, aspirin like anti inflammatory/anti bacterial |
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Term
| antidiarrheal : adsorbent/proctectants |
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Definition
activated charcoal
kaolin/pectin
bismuth
mineral oil |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug that inhibits GI absorption of drugs, toxins, or chemicals by attracting and holding them to its surface. |
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