Term
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Definition
Digestive enzymes (manufactured & secreted by pancreas)
MA: Breakdown & digestion of fats, starches, and proteins
Use: Replacement therapy for cystic fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, malabsorption syndrome, surgical removal of all or part of pancreas
Adverse Rx: None; High doses may cause nausea and diarrhea
CI: hypersensitivity to hog or cow proteins, acute pancreatitis
Caution: asthma, hyperuricemia, pregnancy, lactation |
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Term
| Milk of Magnesia (magnesia) |
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Definition
Antacid
MA: neutralize or reduce acidity of stomach and duodenal contents by combining with HCl to produce water and salt
Adverse Rx: severe diarrhea, dehydration, hypermagnesemia (nausea, vommitting, hypotension, decrease respiration)
CI: Pt. with severe abdominal pains of ukn causes, lactation
Caution: decreased renal function |
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Term
| Amphogel (aluminum hydroxide gel) |
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Definition
Antacid
MA: neutralize or reduce acidity of stomach and duodenal contents by combining with HCl to produce water and salt
Adverse Rx: constipation, intestinal impaction, anorexia, weakness, tremors, bone pain
CI: Severe abdominal pain of unk. cause, lactation
Caution: gastric outlet obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
Antacid
MA: neutralize or reduce acidity of stomach and duodenal contents by combining with HCl to produce water and salt
Adverse Rx: rebound hyperacidity, metabolic alkalosis, headache, hypercalcemia, vommitting, confusion, renal calculi, neurologic impairment
CI: renal caculi, hypercalcemia, severe abdominal pain of unk. cause, lactation
Caution: respiratory insufficiency, renal impairment, cadiac disease |
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Term
| pro-Banthine (propantheline bromide) |
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Definition
Anticholinergic
MA: decrease gastric motility, decrease amt. of acid secreted by stomach
Use: peptic ulcer
Adverse Rx: dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary hesitancy, nausea, urinary retention, constipation
CI: glaucoma, tachyarrhythmias, MI, CHF, BPH, enlarged prostate |
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Term
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Definition
Anticholinergic
MA: decrease gastic motility, decrease amt. of acid secreted by stomach
Use: peptic ulcer
Adverse Rx: dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary hesitancy, drowsiness, palpitations
CI: glaucoma, tachyarrhythmias, MI, CHF |
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Term
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Definition
GI stimulant
MA: increase strength of spontaneous upper GI movements
Use: GERD, gastric stasis in diabetic Pt.
Adverse Rx: Mild; Prolonged use- CNS symptoms possible (drowsiness, dizziness, tremors, depression, involuntary mov't of eyes, face and limbs)
CI: hypersensitivity, GI obstruction, gastric perforation, epilepsy, lactation
Caution: diabetes, cardiovascular disease |
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Term
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Definition
Antiflatulent
MA: defoaming action, disperses & prevents formation of mucus surrounded gas pockets in intestines
Use: relief of painful Sx of excess gas in intestinal tract
Adverse Rx: None
CI: hypersensitivity |
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Term
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Definition
Histamine 2 blocker
MA: inhibit action of histamine @ histamine H2 receptor in stomach, therefore decrease secretion of gastric acid and decrease total pepsin output
Use: gastric and duodenal ulcers, hypersecretory conditions, GERD
Adverse Rx: dizziness, increase sleep, headache, confusion, hallucinations, diarrhea, impotence
CI: hypersensitivity
Caution: renal or hepatic impairment, elderly, pregnancy and lactation |
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Term
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Definition
Histamine-2 blocker
MA: inhibit action of histamine @ histamine H2 receptor in stomach, causing decrease gastric acid secretion, and decrease in total pepsin output
Use: gastric and duodenal ulcers, hypersecretory conditions, GERD
Adverse Rx: dizziness, somnolence (increase sleep), headache, confusion, hallucination, diarrhea, impotence
CI: hypersensitivity
Caution: diabetes, renal or hepatic impairment, pregnancy, lactation, elderly |
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Term
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Definition
Antidiarrheal
MA: decrease intestinal peristalsis
Use: Tx of diarrhea
Adverse Rx: abdominal discomfort, pain, distention
CI: diarrhea associated with arganism that harm intestinal mucosa (E. coli, salmonella, ect), pseudomembranous colitis, abdominal pain of unk. cause, obstructive jaundice, Pt. younger than 2 y/o |
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Term
| Lomotil (diphenoxylate HC w atropine) |
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Definition
Antidiarrheal
MA: decrease intestinal peristalsis
Use: Tx of diarrhea
Adverse Rx: anorexia, nausea, vommitting, constipation, rash, dizziness, drowsiness, sedation, euphoria, headache
CI: diarrhea associated with arganism that harm intestinal mucosa (E. coli, salmonella, ect), pseudomembranous colitis, abdominal pain of unk. cause, obstructive jaundice, Pt. younger than 2 y/o |
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Term
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Definition
Emetic
MA: stimulates vomitting center to induce vomitting
Use: ingestion of poison or drug overdose
Adverse Rx: none
CI: unconscious, semiconscious, convulsing, poisoning of corrosive substance |
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Term
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Definition
Gallstone solubilizing agent
MA: suppress manufacturing of cholesterol and cholic acid by liver
Use: no surgical Tx of radiolucent gallstones
Adverse Rx: diarrhea, cramps, nausea, vomitting; Long term use may result in hypertoxicity
CI: hypersensitivity, liver impairment, calcified stones, radiopaque stones, radiolucent bile pigment stones, severe acute cholecystitis, billary obstruction, gallstone pancreatitis
Caution: pregnancy and lactation |
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Term
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Definition
Proton-pump inhibitor
MA: suppress gastric acid release
Use: erosive esophagitis, GERD, long term Tx of patholgic hypersecretory conditions
Adverse Rx: headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain
CI: hypersensitivity, pregnancy, lactation,
Caution: liver disease |
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Term
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Definition
Proton-pump inhibitor
MA: suppress gastric acid release
Use: duodenal ulcer, GERD, hypersecretory conditions, gastric ulcer, H. pylori eradication
Adverse Rx: headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain
CI: hypersensitivity
Caution: liver disease, children |
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Term
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Definition
Laxative (stimulant)
MA: increase peristalsis by direct action on intestines
Use: relief of constipation, prior to rectal/bowel exam
Adverse Rx: diarrhea, loss of water/electrolytes, abdominal pain/discomfort, nausea, vomitting, perianal irritation, fainting, bloating, flatulence, cramps, weakness, laxative habit
CI: hypersensitivity, persistent abdominal pain, nausea or vomitting of unk. cause, signs of acute appendicitis, fecal impaction, intestinal obstruction, acute hepatitis |
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Term
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Definition
Stool softener
MA: Promote water retention in fecal mass
Use: short term relief of constipation
Adverse Rx: diarrhea, loss of water/electrolytes, abdominal pain/discomfort, nausea, vomitting, perianal irritation, fainting, bloating, flatulence, cramps, weakness, laxative habit
CI: hypersensitivity, persistent abdominal pain, nausea or vomitting of unk. cause, signs of acute appendicitis, fecal impaction, intestinal obstruction, acute hepatitis |
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Term
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Definition
Hyperosmotic agent (laxative)
MA: dehydrate local tissues resulting in irritation and increased peristalsis
Use: short term relief of constipation
Adverse Rx: diarrhea, loss of water/electrolytes, abdominal pain/discomfort, nausea, vomitting, perianal irritation, fainting, bloating, flatulence, cramps, weakness, laxative habit
CI: hypersensitivity, persistent abdominal pain, nausea or vomitting of unk. cause, signs of acute appendicitis, fecal impaction, intestinal obstruction, acute hepatitis |
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Term
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Definition
Miscellaneous GI drug
MA: disrupts the integrity of bacterial cell walls
Use: treat gastric and duodenal ulcers caused by H. pylori bacteria
Adverse Rx: darkening of tongue & stool, constipation, salicylate toxicity (tinnitus & rapid respirations)
CI: hypersensitivity |
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Term
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Definition
Miscellaneous GI drug
MA: local action on stomach lining, forms complex from inflamed tissue, complex forms protective layer over duodenal ulcer aiding in healing
Use: Duodenal ulcers
Adverse Rx: mild, possible constipation
CI: hypersensitivity |
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Term
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Definition
Miscellaneous GI drug
MA: inhibits gastric acid secretion, increase production of mucus (prostoglandin G) that protects GI tract against HCl
Use: prevent gastric ulcers from aspirin or NSAIDs in high doses for prolonged times
Adverse Rx: diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, GI distress, vomitting
CI: allergy to prostoglandins, pregnancy, lacation |
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Term
| Azulfidine (sulfasalazine) |
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Definition
Miscellaneous GI drug
MA: topical anti-inflammatory effect on bowel
Use: Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis
Adverse Rx: hematologic changes, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, nausea, vomitting, headache, diarrhea, chills, fever, anorexia, crystalluria, stomatitis, urticaria, itching
CI: hypersensitivity, intestinal obstruction, children under 2y/o |
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