Term
| MC type of tumor of salivary glands |
|
Definition
| Mixed tumor/Pleomorphic adenoma |
|
|
Term
| MC location of pleomorphic adenoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MC cancer that metastasizes to the left supraclavicular node (Virchow's Node) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Location and f(x) of Meissner's plexus |
|
Definition
AKA submucosal plexus
in the submucosa b/w muscularis mucosa and inner circular layer of sm. muscle of GIT wall
Carries cell bodies of parasympathetic terminal effector neurons and regulates secretions, blood flow and absorption |
|
|
Term
| Auerbach's Plexus location and f(x) |
|
Definition
AKA myenteric plexus
b/w inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer of sm muscle in the GIT wall
Contains cell bodies of parasympathetic terminal effector neurons and coordinates motility along the entire gut wall. |
|
|
Term
| Vertebral level of celiac trunk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic innervation of the viscera supplied by the celiac artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic innervation of the viscera supplied by the SMA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic innervation of the viscera supplied by the IMA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Watershed area of GIT blood supply |
|
Definition
| Slenic flexure (b/w branches of the left colic and middle colic artery) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Liver zone affected first by viral hepatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Intermediate Zone of the liver
B/w portal and central veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pericentntral vein/centrilobular |
|
|
Term
| Liver zone affected first by ischemia |
|
Definition
| Pericentral vein/centrilobular/Zone III |
|
|
Term
| Liver zone that contains the P-450 system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Liver Zone that is most sensitive to toxic injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Liver area affected by alcoholic hepatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Site of portrusion of indirect inguinal hernia |
|
Definition
| internal/deep inguinal ring |
|
|
Term
| Lateral -> medial contents of femoral triangle |
|
Definition
NAVEL
Nerve (femoral)
Artery (femoral)
Vein (femoral)
Empty space
Lymphatics
|
|
|
Term
| Contents of the femoral sheath |
|
Definition
Femoral artery, vein and canal (lymphatics)
Not Femoral n. |
|
|
Term
| Borders of the femoral triangle |
|
Definition
Superior- inguinal ligament
Lateral- border of sartorius muscle
Medial- Adductor longus muscle |
|
|
Term
| fascial layers of abdominal wall in inguinal region O -> I |
|
Definition
External oblique m. fascia
Internal oblique m. fascia
transversus abdominis fascia
trasversalis fascia
parietal peritonium |
|
|
Term
| layers of spermatic fascia |
|
Definition
external
cremasteric
internal |
|
|
Term
| path of indirect inguinal hernia |
|
Definition
enters deep/internal inguinal ring lateral to the inferior epigastric artery
Exits the superficial inguinal ring and enters the scrotum |
|
|
Term
| population most affected by indirect inguinal hernias |
|
Definition
| infants due to an incomplete closure of the processus vaginalis |
|
|
Term
| Path of direct inguinal hernia |
|
Definition
| through Hesselbach's triangle medial to the inferior epigastric artery, through the external inguinal ring only. |
|
|
Term
| fascia covering an indirect inguinal hernia |
|
Definition
| External spermatic fascia, cremasteric muscle fascia and internal spermatic fascia |
|
|
Term
| Fascial layers covering a direct hernia |
|
Definition
| external spermatic fascia |
|
|
Term
| Borders of Hasselbach's triangle |
|
Definition
Superior- inferior epigastric artery
Medial- lateral border of rectus abdominus muscle
inferior- inguinal ligament |
|
|
Term
| Demographic most commonly affected by direct hernias |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Leading cause of bowel incarceration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Demographic most affected by femoral hernia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| below the inguinal, through femoral canal and lateral to the pubic tubercle |
|
|
Term
| Serous salivary glands and important component of secretions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mucinous salivary glands and major product |
|
Definition
| sublingual- mucin (sialomucins |
|
|
Term
| Nerve that runs through the paratoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nervous stimulation of salivation |
|
Definition
Sympathetic- from T1-T3 from the superior cervical ganglion
Parasympathetic from the facial (CN7) and glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9) |
|
|
Term
| purpose of salivary bicarb |
|
Definition
| neutralize oral bacterial acids and maintain dental health |
|
|
Term
| Only GI submucosal glands |
|
Definition
| Brunner's glands in the duodenal submucosa |
|
|
Term
| Purpose of Brunner's glands and when are they hypertrophied |
|
Definition
| To secrete alkaline mucus to protect the mucosa of the duodenum b/w the pyloric outlet and the sphincter of Oddi Brunner's glands are hypertrophied in PUD |
|
|
Term
| Cell type that secretes Gastrin and their location |
|
Definition
| G cells, antrum of stomach |
|
|
Term
| factors that regulate gastrin secretion |
|
Definition
↑ by:
1. stomach distention
2. amino acids (particularly try and phe)
3. vagal stimulation
↓ by stomach pH < 1.5
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ↑ H+ secretion, growth of gastric mucosa and gastric motility |
|
|
Term
| Zollinger-Ellison Syndrom |
|
Definition
| A tumor of gastrin producing cells |
|
|
Term
| Cells that secrete CCK and their location |
|
Definition
| I cells duodenum and jejunum |
|
|
Term
| F(x) and regulation of CCK |
|
Definition
F(x):
↑ pancreatic secretion
Stimulate GB contraction
↓ gastric emptying
CCK secretion is stimulated by fatty acids and amino acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pain after fatty meal b/c of ↑ secretion of CCK |
|
|
Term
| F(x) and regulation of secretin |
|
Definition
F(x):
↑ HCO3 secretion
↓ decrease gastric H+ secretion
↑ bile secretion
Regulation: ↑ by acid and fatty acid in the lumen of the duodenum |
|
|
Term
| Cells that secrete secretin and location |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cells that secret Somatostatin and their location |
|
Definition
| D cells in the pancreatic islets |
|
|
Term
| F(x) and regulation of SST secretion |
|
Definition
F(x):
↓ gastric acid and pepsinogen secrition
↓ pancreatic and small intestine secretion
↓ GB contraction
↓ insulin and glucagon release
Regulation:
↑ by acid
↓ by vagal stimulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Used to treat VIPomas and carcinoid tumors |
|
|
Term
| Cells that secret Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and their location |
|
Definition
| K cells in the duodenum and jejunum |
|
|
Term
| F(x) and regulation of GIP |
|
Definition
F(x):
Exocrine: ↓ gastric H+ secretion
Endocrine: ↑ insulin secretion
Regulation: ↑ by fatty acids, amino acids and oral glucose |
|
|
Term
| Cells that secrete Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide and their location |
|
Definition
| Parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, GB and small intestine |
|
|
Term
| F(x) of VIP and regulation |
|
Definition
F(x):
↑ intestinal water and electrolyte secretion
↑ relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle and sphincters
Regulation:
↑ by distention and vagal stimulation
↓ adrenergic input
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Non-α and non-β pancreatic islet cell tumor that secretes VIP
Copious diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| Motilin: where it comes from and what it does |
|
Definition
| Comes from the small intestine and it produces migrating motor complexes |
|
|
Term
| Where does IF come from and what does it do |
|
Definition
Gastric parietal cells
It binds Vit B12 and is required for B12 uptake |
|
|
Term
| Sx of Autoimmune destruction of parietal cells |
|
Definition
| Chronic gastritis and pernicious anemia |
|
|
Term
| What cells secrete gastric acid and where are they located? |
|
Definition
| Parietal cells in the body of the stomach |
|
|
Term
| How is gastric acid secretion regulated? |
|
Definition
↑ by histamine, Ach, and gastrin
↓ by SST, GIP, prostaglandin and secretin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gastrin secreting tumor that causes continuous high levels of acid secretion and ulcers |
|
|
Term
| Where does Pepsin come from and what does it do? |
|
Definition
Gastric chief cells in the body of the stomach
It digests protein |
|
|
Term
| How is pepsinogen secretion regulated? |
|
Definition
| ↑ by vagal stimulation and local acid |
|
|
Term
Where is HCO3 produced?
What is for?
How is its secretion regulated? |
|
Definition
Where: It is produced by mucosal cells in the stomach, duodenum and Brunner's glands
What: It neutralizes acid and prevents autodigestion and is a major component of the protective mucus layer in the stomach
How: Its section is ↑ by secretin |
|
|
Term
| Vagal messengers in stomache |
|
Definition
| G Cells- Gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) stimulates gastrin release Parietal Cells- Ach stimulates H+ release |
|
|
Term
| Drug that blocks Vagal stimulation of parietal cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bonds hydrolyzed by salivary amylase and products of hydrolization |
|
Definition
| α-1,4 linkages yields disaccharides maltos, mototriose and α-limit dextrans |
|
|
Term
| rate limiting step in CHO digestion |
|
Definition
| Oligosaccharide hydrolases produce monosaccharides from oligo and disaccharides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Only monosaccharied- glucose, galactose and fructose
glucose and galactose are absorbed via Na-mediated SGLT-1
Fructose is absorbed via GLUT-5 (facilitated diffusion) |
|
|
Term
Channel that transport of monosaccharides from enterocytes to blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Location of Fe absoprtion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Location of folate absorption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| location of B12 absorption |
|
Definition
| ileum along w/ bile acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bile acids conjugated to glycine or taurine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conjugated with glucuronic acid, water soluble |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unconjugated, water insoluble |
|
|
Term
| Product of bacterial breakdown of bilirubin in gut and it's fate |
|
Definition
Urobilinogen
80% are excreted in feces as stercobilin (stool color)
2% excreted in urine as urobilin (urine color)
18% returned to liver via the enterohepatic circulation |
|
|
Term
| characteristics of pleomorphic adenoma |
|
Definition
benign
painless, movable mass
high rate or recurrence |
|
|
Term
| MC malignant tumor of salivary glands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common location of Wathin's Tumors |
|
Definition
| Tail of the parotid gland |
|
|
Term
| Exposure risk for Warthin's Tumor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathogenesis of Achalasia |
|
Definition
| Loss of Auerbach's/myenteric plexus leads to high opening LES pressure and uncoordinated peristalsis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lead poisoning lines on gingivae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alcoholic Liver Ubiquinated intermediate filaments (keratin) in an alcoholic liver; appear eosinophilic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Achalasia Appeareance of LES on a barium swallow. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Heartburn/dyspepsia and regurgitation upon lying down |
|
|
Term
| Sx and potential complication of achalasia |
|
Definition
progressive dysphagia
assoc. w/ increased risk of esophageal carcinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
transmural esophageal rupture due to violent retching
"Been-Heaving syndrome" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| assoc. w/ esophageal strictures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Triad of:
1. dysphagia (esophageal webs)
2. glossitis
3. Fe-deficiency anema
Assoc. w/ esophageal cancer |
|
|
Term
| Risk Factors for esophageal cancer |
|
Definition
ABCDEF:
Alcohol/Achalasia
Barrett's esophagus
Cigarettes
Diverticula (Zenker's)
Esophagitis/Esophageal webs (e.g., Plummer-Vinson)
Familial |
|
|
Term
MC esophageal cancer:
World-Wide?
U.S.? |
|
Definition
World-Wide: SCC
US: SCC=adenocarcinoma |
|
|
Term
| Areas of esophagus most commonly affected by cancer |
|
Definition
SCC- upper and middle 1/3
Adenocarcinoma- lower 1/3 |
|
|
Term
| Differences b/w celiac and tropical sprue |
|
Definition
Celiac: Immune mediated (anti-gliadin Ab) and primarily in proximal small bowel
Tropical: probably infectious, responds to Abx and affects entire small bowel |
|
|
Term
| Diarrhea w/ arthralgias, cardiac and neruologic sx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by infx by tropheryma whippelii |
|
|
Term
| Causes and complications of pancreatic insufficiency |
|
Definition
Causes: CF, obstructing cancer, chronic pancreatitis
complications: malabsorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K) |
|
|
Term
| Appearance of villi in disaccharidase deficiency (lactose intolerance) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Associated with celiac sprue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blunted villi and lymphocytes in the lamina propria |
|
|
Term
| Condition(s) assoc. w/ celiac dz |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
assoc. w/ burns
↓ plasma volume → sloughing of gastric mucosa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Due to brain injury
↑ vagal stimulation → ↑ ACh → ↑ H+ |
|
|
Term
| Chronic gastritis (types A and B) |
|
Definition
Type A: Autoimmune destruction by Auto-Ab (Type II HSE) of parietal cells causing pernicious Anemia and Achloridia. Affects the body and fundus
Type B: Caused by H. pylori infx affecting the antrum. Assoc. w/ ↑ risk of MALT lymphoma |
|
|
Term
| Hypertrophy of the gastric rugae (look like brain gyri) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gastric hypertrophy w/ protein loss
parietal cell atrophy
↑ mucus cells
Precancerous |
|
|
Term
| Cancer assoc. w/ acanthosis nigricans |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Risk factors for gastric adenocarcinoma |
|
Definition
Dietary nitrosamines
type A blood
Achloridia
chronic gastritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diffusely infiltrative gastric adenocarcinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thickened, rigid appearance of diffusely infiltrative gastric adenocarcinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can be gastric ulcers ( meals can ↑ pain) or duodenal (pain ↓ with meals) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gastric: H. pylori ~70% and NSAID use
Duodenal: H. pylori ~100% |
|
|
Term
| gross appearance of ulcers in PUD vs. carcinoma |
|
Definition
ulcers: clean, "punched-out" margins
Carcinoma: raised/irregular margins |
|
|
Term
| Potential complications of PUD |
|
Definition
bleeding
penetration into pancreas
obstruction
NOT PRECANCEROUS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Crohn's Dz
Appearance of thickened mucosa on a barium swallow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Granulomas w/ lymphoid aggregates: CD or UC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bloody diarrhea: CD or UC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cobblestone Mucosa: CD or UC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toxic Megacolon: CD or UC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Colorectal carcinoma: CD or UC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Corticosteroid and infliximab |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sulfasalazine
infliximab
colectomy |
|
|
Term
| extraintestinal manifestations of CD |
|
Definition
Migratory polyarthritis
erythema nodosum
Ankylosing spondylitis
uveitis
immunologic d/os |
|
|
Term
| Extraintestinal manifestations of UC |
|
Definition
Pyoderma gangrenosum
1° Sclerosing cholangitis |
|
|
Term
| Stricture or fistulas: CD or UC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pyoderma Gangrenosum: CD or UC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Halitosis + dysphagia + obstruction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MC congenital anomaly of the GI tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| possible complications of Meckels Diverticulum |
|
Definition
bleeding
intussusception
volvulus
obstruction near the terminal ileum
Can have ectopic pancreatic or acid-secreting gastric mucosa |
|
|
Term
Cause of Hirschsprung's dz
Pathogenesis
Characteristics
Presentation |
|
Definition
Failure of neural crest cells to migrate to location -> lack of ganglion cell/enteric plexuses (Auerbach's and Meissner's)
Colon proximal to the aganglionic portion is dilated.
Chronic constipation in early life and failure to pass meconium |
|
|
Term
| GI d/os assoc. w/ Down Syndrome |
|
Definition
Hirschsprung's Dz
Duodenal atresia |
|
|
Term
| Difference in presentation of Right-sided and Left-sided CRC |
|
Definition
Right side: bleeds
Left side: obstructs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Appearance of colorectal cancer on barium swallow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| FAP w/ osseous and soft tissue tumors, retinal hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| FAP w/ possible brain involvement (glioma and medulloblastoma) |
|
|
Term
| hyperpigmented mouth, lips, hands, genitalia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Benign polyposis syndrome- hamartomatous polyps of colon and small intestine
↑ risk of CRC and other visceral malignancies (pancreas, breast, ovaries, stomach) |
|
|
Term
| MC malignancy of small bowel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common location of carcinoid tumors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Types of cells in carcinoid tumor |
|
Definition
| Endocrine cells- contain "dense core bodies" on EM and often produce Carcinoid syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Breath smells like freshly opened corpse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Caused by carcinoid tumors (serotonin-secreting tumors). only seen if a GI tumor has metastasized or it exists outside the GIT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. Diarrhea 2. cutaneous flushing 3. wheezing 4. right-sided valvular dz Elevated urine 5-HIAA |
|
|
Term
| Insults causing micronodular cirrhosis |
|
Definition
Alcohol
hemochromatosis
Wilson's Dz |
|
|
Term
| Insults leading to macronodular cirrhosis |
|
Definition
| postinfectious or drug-induced |
|
|
Term
| Potential Complication of macronodular cirrhosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cirrhosis (Wilson's dz)
Uremia |
|
|
Term
Liver enzymes in:
Viral Hepatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Liver Enzymes in Alcoholic hep |
|
Definition
↑ rarely above 300 and AST > ALT
|
|
|
Term
| Non-hepatic cause of ↑ AST |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
↑ γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)
|
|
Definition
↑ with heavy alcohol consumption
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Obstructive liver dz (HCC)
Bone dz
bile duct dz |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acute pancreatitis (more specific) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fatty liver w/ hypoglycemia and coma in a child |
|
Definition
Reye's Syndrome
Hepatoencephalopathy caused by treating a viral infx (CMV, HSV) with aspirin/salicylates
Can be fatal |
|
|
Term
| MC 1° malignancy of the liver in adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. endodermal sinus/yolk sac turmor (ovary or testes)
2. HCC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HBV
HSV
Hemochromatosis
Wilson's Dz
α1-Antitrypsin deficiency
Cirrhosis
Carcinogens (aflotoxin in peanuts) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tender hepatomegaly
ascites
polycythemia
hypoglycemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Potential complication of HCC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occlusion of the IVC or hepatic veins w/ centrilobular congestion and necrosis leading to congestive liver dz- hepatomegaly, ascites, abdominal pain and liver failure
NO JVD |
|
|
Term
| Conditions assoc. w/ Budd-Chiari |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dubin-Johnson pathogenesis, characteristics |
|
Definition
↑ bilirubin due to defective liver excretion
grossly black liver
Benign |
|
|
Term
Gilbert's Syndrome
Pathogenesis and characteristics |
|
Definition
↑ unconjugated bili b/c of ↓ UDP-glucuronyl transferase or ↓ uptake
Benign |
|
|
Term
Crigler-Najjar Syndrome, Type I
Pathogenesis, characteristics, and Tx |
|
Definition
absent UDP-glucuronyl transferase
↑ unconjugated bilirubin
Usually die w/i a few years
Jaundice, kernicterus
Tx: plasmapheresis and phototherapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ABCD:
Asterixis
Basal ganglia degeneration (Parkinsonism)
Ceruloplasmin ↓, Cirrhosis, Corneal Deposits (Keyser-
Fleischer rinks), Copper accumulation, Carcinoma, Choreiform movements
Dementia
Hemolytic anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lab findings in Hemochromatosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cause of 2° Hemochromatosis |
|
Definition
| chronic transfusion tx, as in β-Thal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Backup of blood into the liver caused by right-sided heart failure and Budd-Chiari syndrome.
Can proceed to centrilobular necrosis and cardiac cirrhosis
Liver appears mottled like a nutmeg |
|
|
Term
| Tx of hereditary hemochromatosis |
|
Definition
| repeated phlebotomy, deferoxamine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Triad of Hemochromatosis:
Cirrhosis, DM, and skin pigmentation
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1º Sclerosing Cholangitis |
|
|
Term
1° sclerosing cholangitis
Characteristics
findings
labs
complications |
|
Definition
inflammation and fibrosis of bile ducts, both intra- and extra-hepatic
"onion skin" bile duct fibrosis
↑ ALP (alk phos)
Can lead to 2° biliary cirrhosis |
|
|
Term
1° biliary sclerosis
Pathogenesis
characteristics
findings
Assoc. conditions |
|
Definition
Auto-immune destruction w/ intrahepatic bile ducts causing obstruction
Obstructive jaundice, steatorrhea, pruritis
hypercholesterolemia (xanthoma), ↑ ALP, ↑ serum mitochondrial Abs
Assoc. w/ scleroderma and CREST syndrome |
|
|
Term
2° Biliary Cirrhosis
Pathogenesis
complications
Lab findings |
|
Definition
Extra-hepatic obstructi↑on -> ↑ pressure in intrahepatic ducts causing injury/fibrosis
complicated by ascending cholangits (bact infx), "bile lakes" and bile stasis
↑ ALP and conj bili |
|
|
Term
| Insects that can cause acute pancreatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drugs that can cause acute pancreatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| epigastric pain radiating to back + anorexia + nausea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Potential complications of Acute Pancreatitis |
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Definition
| DIC, ARDS, pseudocyst formation, diffuse fat necrosis, hypocalcemia, hemorrhage and infx |
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Term
| Potential complications of chronic pancreatitis |
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Definition
| pancreatic insufficiency -> steatorrhea, fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and DM |
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Term
| Tumor markers for pancreatic cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| Risk factors for pancreatic cancer |
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Definition
Jewish and Af. America males
cigarrettes |
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Term
| MC site of pancreatic tumors |
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Definition
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Term
| Presentation of pancreatic cancer |
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Definition
1. Abd pain radiating to the back
2. Weight loss (from malabsorption and anorexia)
3. Trousseau's Syndrome- migratory thrombophlebitis = redness and tenderness on palpation of extremities
4. Courvoisier's Sign- obstructive jaunice w/ palpable GB |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| FAP (MOI and characteristics) |
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Definition
Auto-dominant mutation of APC gene on chromo 5q
Causes thousands of polyps involving the entire colon and the rectum is always involved |
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Term
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Definition
AKA Lynch syndrome
mutation in mismatch repair genes
~80% progress to CRC
Proximal colon |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Etiology of 1o Hemochromatosis |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Cavernous Hemangioma
Can repture |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| GI drug that inhibits P-450 system and class |
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Definition
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Term
| GI drug that has anti-androgenic effects and side effects |
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Definition
Cimetidine
Cause PRL release which -> gynecomastia, impotence and ↓ libido in men and galactorrhea in women |
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Term
| GI drug that can cross BBB and it's effects |
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Definition
| Cimetidine-> confusion, dizziness, HA |
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Term
| GI drug that can cross placenta |
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Definition
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Term
| GI drug that causes ↓ creatinine excretion |
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Definition
| Ranitidine and Cimetidine (H2 blocker) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Anti-TNF monoclonal Ab and uses |
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Definition
Infliximab
Crohn's and RA |
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Term
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Definition
All cause Hypokalemia
Al(OH)3- constipation, hypophosphatemia, proximal muscle weakness, osteodystrophy, seizures
MgOH- diarrhea, hyporeflexia, hypotension, cardiac arrest
CaCO3- hypercalcemia and rebound acid ↑ |
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Term
| MOA of Odansetron and clinical use |
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Definition
5-HT3 antagonist -> centrally acting antiemetic
Used to control vomiting in post-op and chemo patients |
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Term
| Metoclopramide MOA, clinical use, and main SE |
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Definition
D2 antagonist-> ↑ resting tone, contractility, LES tone and motility (not colon transport time).
Used in Diabetic and post-op gastroparesis
SE: parkinsonism, restlessness, drowsiness, fatigue, depression, nausea and diarrhea. Drug interaction w/ digoxin and DM agents. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Primary Biliary Cirrhosis |
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|
Term
| Blood test using sheep erythrocytes |
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Definition
| Mono-spot-> for suspected EBV infx |
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