Term
| The retroperitoneal space is between what and what? |
|
Definition
| posterior parietal perotenium and the transversalis fascia |
|
|
Term
| What is the kidney surrounded by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What differs about the urethra in males vs. females? why is this clinical significant? |
|
Definition
urethra is much shorter in females
females are more prone to bladder infections |
|
|
Term
Generally which kidney is more superior?
What protects the superior lobe of each kidney? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which structure in the renal hilum is most anterior? and most posterior? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many renal segments are there? |
|
Definition
5
(each segment get its on terminal renal artery branch) |
|
|
Term
| What does the left renal vein travel through to get to the IVC? |
|
Definition
nutcracker
(posterior to aorta) |
|
|
Term
Name 3 asymmetric characters between the R and L renal veins?
(renal lymphatics follow renal veins) |
|
Definition
L gonadal v. drains into L renal v.
L suprarenal v. drains into L renal v.
L renal v. is longer than R renal v. |
|
|
Term
| Where should a physician look for stones in the ureter? |
|
Definition
| ureters runs along the tips of the lumbar transverse processes |
|
|
Term
| Which component of the kidney has special smooth muscle cells which serve as peristaltic "pacemakers"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are 3 anatomic constrictions of the ureters?
(trapped stones) |
|
Definition
Junction of Renal Pelvis & Ureter
Pelvic Brim
Wall of Urinary Bladder |
|
|
Term
| In event of a stone forming, where is the stone most likely to be if the pt has pain with rebound and guarding? |
|
Definition
kidney
(referred pain from loin to groin (T11-L2) without rebound is indication of ureteric colic) |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 common causes of recurrent urinary tract infections? |
|
Definition
foreign object
congenital malformation |
|
|
Term
Which adrenal gland is triangular?
What shape is the other one? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cortex of the adrenal glands secretes what type of hormones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Catecholamine production in the medulla is controlled by what? |
|
Definition
pre-ganglionic sympathetic fibers
(cortex is controlled by local hormones) |
|
|
Term
| The middle supra renal artery runs what to the IVC? |
|
Definition
posterior
(superior, middle, inferior suprarenal arteries) |
|
|
Term
| The aorta bifurcates at which vertebral level? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 venous systems in the abdomen? |
|
Definition
| portal, caval, and azygous |
|
|
Term
Which nerve is responsible for the cremaster reflex afferents?
and efferents? |
|
Definition
ilioinguinal n.
genitofemoral n. |
|
|
Term
What is the long muscle of the abdomen?
Which ligament does this muscle run run posterior to?
Which bone does this muscle insert? |
|
Definition
Psoas major
Inguinal ligament
Femur |
|
|
Term
| Which structures pass through the caval opening?, the esophageal hiatus?, and the aortic hiatus? |
|
Definition
IVC & R phrenic n.
Esophagus, Vagal trunks, & L gastric branches
Aorta, Thoracic duct, & Azygos vein |
|
|
Term
| Phrenic nerves are sensory to both? |
|
Definition
| pleural & peritoneal surfaces |
|
|
Term
Name 4 abdominal organs which extend into the pelvis?
Name 2 pelvic organs which extend into the abdomen? |
|
Definition
Ureter, Ileum, Sigmoid, and Appendix
Bladder & Pregnant uterus |
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