What: Court case that overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson (Separate but Equal)

When: 1954

Why Important: Began integrating schools 

Who: Iconic Non-violence Civil disobedience leader 

When: 1960's

Why Important: Paved the road for racial equality

What: A Civil Rights Act

When: 1964

Why Important: It prohibited racial discrimination in public and in the work place. Also allowed the federal government to go after schools who refuse to integrate

What: An act that gave everyone voting rights

When: 1965

Why Important: Outlawed literacy tests

What: Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee

When: 1960's

Why Important: Was led by students, and was responsible for coordinating sit-ins and boycotts

What: Southern Christian Leadership Conference

When: 1960's

Why Important: Same as the SNCC, but made up of clergymen, pastors, and priests. Got masses together and dealt with the political aspect of integration. 

What: National Organization of Women

When: 1960's

Why Important: Betty Freedan, dealt with women's rights movements

What: Rachel Carson wrote the book Silent Springs, which talked about pollution in the water table

When: 1960s

Why Important: The Government responded to the book by creating the EPA

What: Island in the New York Harbor where inmigrants pass through to get into the US

When: Late 1800s

Why Important: Gateway to the melting pot

What: National Association for the Advancement of colored people

When: 1908-1909

Why Important: Made progress for racial equality for the African American people

What: Tennessee Valley Authority Works project

When: 1933

Why Important: greatest hydroelectric project ever

What: An act installed by the govenrment that help people who were trying to be in a union

When: 1935

Why Important: This was one more installation by the government to help American Citizens in the time of the Great Depression. 

What: A new type of transpotation that involved metal cars and traintracks

When: 1930-1940

Why Important: Building the railroad system created jobs, and once they were finished, resulted in faster transportation for people, mail, and consumer goods

What: A deal where a company would be owner by the owners, but managed by another company.

When: 1930s

Why Important: Created Vertical intergration

What: a deal where a company buys out many other companies that it needs to make the products that it sells. 

When: 1930s

Why Important: Created horizontal intergration

Who: Wrote the book "The Jungle" about the meatpacking industry

When: 1930s

Why Important:Government response was the creation of the FDA

Who: Muckracker who exposed investigated social and political corruption

When: 1930s

Why Important: She exposed the faults of the company Standard Oil

What: A union for workers who wanted better pay, less hours, and better working conditions

When: 1930s

Why Important: Created many labor union strikes, causing corruption in the workplace and eventually what economy that was left. 

What: A court case that ruled that African Americans were separate but equal. 

When: 1896

Why Important: Created racial discrimination for the Black race many years afterwards

What: An act that outlawed people from China to enter the US for ten years, renewed until 1943

When: 1843, lasted through 1943

Why Important: The US relationship with China was severely wounded during this time

Who: 26th president of the United States

When: 1901-1909

Why Important: His major concern was the Environment and keeping America clean. Major focus on the national parks. 

Who: White man who was a plantation owner and inventor

When: 1765-1825

Why Important: invented a gun that had interchangeable parts, and was credited for inventing the Cotton Gin

What: The idea that it was America's God-forsaken right to claim the land from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean.

When: 1700-1800s 

Why Important: America actually achieved this

What: movement were women protested the right to vote

When: 1800s

Why Important: First time women stood up politically, and eventually got what they wanted

What: Cultural movement that influenced society to flourish new ideas of literature and the arts

When: 14th-17th Century

Why Important: Created ideals in which American values and government was based on

What: Religious rebellion started by protestant leaders Martin Luther King and John Calvin in protest of the ideals of the Roman Catholic Church

When: 16th Century

Why Important: Created a division in the Christian faith divided by Catholics and Protestants, also created discrimination in further history

What: When England broke away from the Roman Catholic Church and created the Church of England

When: 16th Century

Why Important: Created discrimination between the Catholics and the Church of England for a time after that, also created tension between the King of England and the Pope

What: A new invention that allowed books to be reproduced at mass amounts

When: 

Why Important: Created the spread of the literature, cut the cost of books down. People started reading the Bible more, since they were more available, and started creating their own ideals about religion.

Who: Soldiers, explores, adventurers of Spain or Portugal who searched for new land to conquer

When: 15th-17th centuries

Why Important: Christopher Colombus, a conquistador, discovered America in search for the Indies

What: widespread exchange for animals, plants and  human slaves between the Eastern and Western Hempisphere. 

When: 15th to 18th Century

Why Important: Along with the above, also spread disease, culture, and new ideas

What: The scientific revolution is an era associated primarily with the 16th and 17th centuries when new ideas and knowledge in physics, astronomy, biology, medicine, and chemistry. 

When: 16th and 17th Centuries 

Why Important: transformed medieval and ancient views of nature and laid the foundations for modern science

What: cultural movement of intellectuals through the use of reasoning 

When: 18th Century

Why Important: promoted science and intolerance in the Church

What: The war between America and Great Britain in the hope of America gaining freedom from the King of England

When: last half of the 18th century

Why Important: Created the foundation in which America is run on today

What: A civil war fought England between the royalists and the parlimentarians.

When: 1642-1651

Why Important: led to the execution of King Charles 1

What: Spain gifted land to Napolean, Napolean sold it to the US for money

When: During the Jefferson presidency

Why Important: The US got lots of land for little $, Big Contribution to gain favor of Jefferson

What: England was creating barriers to our ports and set Washington DC on fire, then we went to war.

When: 1812

Why Important: This was the first war we had won as an independent country, and gave the US a high ranking over Europe

What: A place where the British thought Gold was abundant

When: 1700s

Why Important: Jamestown, the first successful establishment in America, was in Virginia

What: Social contract between the people and the government

When: 

Why Important: 1787

Why Important: The basis for which our government is centered around today

What: the movement to ban slavery

When: 1800s

Why Important: These people, example Nat Turner, the Grimke sisters, and William Loyd Garrison, all gave rise to the movement to get rid of slavery, led to riots

What: The Indians tired to escape the oppression of the British Imperialism, political leaders included Gandhi

When: Early 19th Century

Why Important: the world became aware of the effects of an imperialistic nation ruling a third world nation

What: corruption in France between its citizens and the government

When: 1787-1799

Why Important: The revolution redefined what France was, reshaping the attitudes of the government and people

What: a global armed conflict fought between two major sides, the Allies (England, Soviet Union, and US) and the Axis powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan)

When: 1939-1945

Why Important: The most widespread war in history, included the Holocaust and the use of nuclear weapons

What: the latin american countries rebelled against the rule of the British

When: 18th-19th Century

Why Important: led to the independence of the Latin American states. 

What: the period of conflict in the French colony of Saint-Domingue

When: 1791-1804

Why Important: led to the elimination of slavery, and the founding of the republic of Haiti. 

Who: a French military and political leader during the latter stages of the French Revolution

When: 1769-1821

Why Important: Tried to conquer all of Europe, and eventually failed. 

What: A world war fought between the allied powers (UK, France, and Russia) and the central powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy)

When: 1914-1918

Why Important: Dramatically changed the empires of Europe and caused economic distress for years

What: a series of revolutions in Russia

When: 1917

Why Important: created the Soviet Union 

What: a radical authoritarian nationalist political ideology 

When: n/a

Why Important: Has driven many countries throughout history to do many stupid or good things

What: a political system where the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life whenever feasible 

When: n/a

Why Important: this ideology has driven many empires, countries, and nations to make history in many ways

What: the name for Germany when it was a totaitarian state ruled by Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party

When: 1933-1945

Why Important: launched WW2 and the Holocaust, which resulted in the millions of deaths of Jews and other Europeans. 

What: Japan forces conducted a surprise bombing on the US Navy base at Pearl Harbor,Hawaii

When: December 7, 1941

Why Important: led to the US declaring war on Japan

What: The first day of the invasion of Normandy

When: June 6, 1944

Why Important: the beginning of the end for Germany, and Hitler

What: The mass murder of Jews, homosexuals, and other groups that the German leader, Hitler, wanted to estinguish

When: 1939-1945

Why Important: Showed the mast devestation of the effects of Nazi Germany, and eventually the world saw how horrible Hitler was.

What: England, Soviet Union, and the US, during WW2

When: 1939-1945

Why Important: The above were the major leaders for the allied powers, which led the victory of WW2

What: the opposing side to the allied powers during WW2, included Germany, Italy, and Japan

When: 1939-1945

Why Important: went to war against the allied powers, eventually lost WW2

What: the final stage of the military conflict in the Chinese Civil War.

When: 1949

Why Important: known as the War of Liberation

What: Country in the middle east that is known for being a religious melting pot for the many sacred lands in its borders

When: n/a

Why Important: The US's relationship with Israel is important to the US's overall Middle eastern policy

What: The race between the Soviet Union and the US to collect the most nuclear weapons, in case of war

When: 1891-1919

Why Important: Both countries ended up with a very large, and dangerous amount of weapons, prolonging the cold war

What: the belief that strikers were communist, scare swept nation

When: 1919

Why Important: Showed the US's fear of communism, and how it can effect the nation so qucikly

What: the flowering of a new culture of black intellectuals of artists, poets, and writers

When: 1920s

Why Important: Created "black pride", Blacks were proud of their own heritage

What: the banning of manufacturing, selling, and transferring alcoholic beverages

When: 1920s

Why Important: Gangster mobs took control of the alcohol pipelines from Canada, and basically ran Chicago

What: Gave women the right to vote

When: 1920

Why Important: women pushed to keep up with women's legal rights

Who: creator of the first production line for Ford Motor Co.

When: 1909

Why Important: revolutionized American production, other companies mimic assembly line

What: the government experimented with radio in WW1, then made it public along with movies

When: 1920's

Why Important: The use of radio and movies brought the American public together on social issues

What: Over production coupled with under-consumption, trade imbalance, high tariffs, and the stock-market crash

When: 1920s

Why Important: Created a long lasting depression that caused the US to be in an economic corruption

What: a legislative act which created the social security system in the United States. 

When: 1935

Why Important: created the basis on which our government used for years

What: The North East region where settlers first lived 

Where: North Eastern Region in the US

Why important: Where many important settlements were, like Boston, New Amsterdam, Philadelphia 

What: Areas on the east coast where settlers lived

Where: Example, Virgina, Maryland, the Carolinas

Why Important: Many important establishments were located there, including Jamestown

What: Trade between America and Europe

When: 1700s

Why Important: Exchanged new ideas, plants, animals and diseases

What: A group of people from the continent Africa

When: 1700s-1800s

Why Important: Served as slaves in America for centuries 

What: the rebellion of the people of the colonies from Great Britain

When: 1700s

Why Important: Won the war, and America became an independent nation

Who: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Paul Revere, Betsy Ross

When: 1700s

Why Important: All of the above where war heros (physically and symbolically) in the American Revolution, and were role models to the rest of the colonies

What: A document that declared America independence from Great Britain

When: July 4, 1776

Why Important: Started the American Revolution 

What: A War hero form the American Revolution

When: late 1700s

Why Important: Became the first president of the United States

Who: Revolutionary War leader and politican

when: late 1700s

Why important: became 2nd president of the united states

What: A policy that kept European powers from overtaking latin american land

When: 1823

Why Important: Kept the British from trying to get new territory in the western hemisphere

What: The time period in which Andrew Jackson was president

When: 1820-1850

Why Important: Time period when the US geographic map was constantly being changed and added, time period of extreme democracy

What: A compromise that kept slavery only under the 36,30 line

When: 1820

Why Important: Kept the amount of slave states and non slave states equal

What: A document that settled many conflicts over states and slavery

When: 1850

Why Important: California joins as a Free state with out the balance of entry of a slave state, and   the south gets a stronger fugitive law

What: War between Mexico and the US over the anexation of Texas

When: 1845

Why Important: The US won, and Texas entered the US as a Territory

What: Fort Sumter, Bull Run, Antietam, Gettysburg, Sherman's March to the Sea

When: 1860-1865

Why Important: Some of the most bloodiest battles ever fought in a civil war, the above include major victories for both sides

Who: 

Robert E. Lee- Confederate War leader

Jefferson Davis- Confederate President

Ulysess S. Grant- Union Militey leader

Abraham Lincoln- Union President

When: 1800s

Why Important: All of the above changed the course of history

What: The rebuilding of the south after the civil war both physically and economically

Where: Southern States, and the Northern States that were fought in

Why Important: Many had different ideas about the punishment the south should receive because of the rebellion

What: mass land devoted to wildlife preservation, example, the Grand Canyon, Yellow Stone Park

Where: All over the united states

Why Important: efforts by Teddy Roosevelt were environmentally considerate 

What: Segregation laws for the black race that kept them "seperate but equal"

When: late 1800s-early 1900s

Why Important: laws were racial unjust, led to the fight for freedom for blacks

What: a period of social activism and political reform in America

When: 1840s-1920s

Why Important: Americans became aware of social problems, and action happened because of everyones involvement 

What: a conflict between Spain and the US

When: 1898

Why Important: America fought for independence of Cuba

What: America extending its Territory to the West

When: 1800s

Why Important: Helped make the US a larger, more powerful nation

What: The canal that the US built in Panama that connected the pacific and the atlantic ocean

When: 1880-1914

Why Important: Made trade much faster

What: The US's desire to stay out of foreign affairs

When: 1930s

Why Important: The US could trade with everyone, and kept the US out of trouble for a long time

What: a series of economic programs implimented by the govenment 

When: 1934-1936

Why Important: helped get the US economy back on its feet during and after the great depression

What: a research and development program led by the united states that created the first atomic bomb

When: 1942-1946

Why Important: US bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki with the bomb they created

what: the first satellite to be put into orbit around the Earth by the USSR

When: 1957

Why Important: The US entered the space race with the Soviet Union

What: A War between North Korea (Communist) and South Korea ( aid of the US) to try to contain the spread of communism

When:1950-1953

Why Important: Showed that the US was willing to go all out to stop the spread of communism

What: the political party that runs China today, based on communist ideologies

Where: China

Why Important: to the US, China was a threat for many years because of the communism

What: a corollary to the monroe doctrine

When: 1905 

Why Important: states that the US will intervene in conflicts between European Nations and Latin American Nations to enforce legitimate claims of the European Powers, rather than having the Europeans say their claims directly

Who: a labor Union leader and a key figure in American Labor History

When: 1850-1924

Why Important: Became the president of the American Federation of Labor