• a consequence of recent and significant increase in vulnerability, which occurs after, for example,
  • natural hazard events
  • forced displacement
  • deteriorating security
  • exhaustion of local coping strategies

• political antecedents
• protracted in duration
• often characterized by:
  • cleavages in existing social, political, economic, and cultural structures
  • competition for resources or power
  • predetory social formations

• increasing over time
• number one type: floods
• number 2 type: windstorms
• most common region: Asia (majority of world['s people)

• fatalities are decreasing
• most fatalities in low human development areas
  • good locations taken by rich people

• UK
• France
• USA
• Russia

• Burma
• India
• Ethiopia

• formal armies
• arganized militias
• ad hoc groups (harder because you dont know the enemy as well)

• crime involving any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group such as
  • killing members of group
  • cause serious bodily or mental harm to members of group
  • deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to brin about its physical destruction in whole or in part
  • imposing measures intended to prevent births within a group
  • forcibly transferring children of the group to another gropu

• willingess of major powers to interveing in internal conflicts, but with minimal risk exposure
• changing nature of humanitarian assistance mix with political, economic, and military assistance
• changing role of private sector (partners with public sector)
• changing role of media
  • participate in emergencies

• physical impact
• sexual violence
• human rights violations

• secondary to:
  • food scarcity
  • population displacements
  • destruction of public utilities
  • destruction of health services

Most DALY's lost here

• change in access to services
• physical infrastructure and supplies
• adaptation of service priorities
• changes in sector human resources
  • existing
  • new actors
• changes in community resources

• mortality
• nutrition
• morbidity
  • communicable disease
  • reproductive health
  • injuries
  • mental health
  • chronic disease
  • disability

• 12 million total refugees and asylum seekers
• 1 million new refugees and asylum seekers
• 8 million refugees warehoused five years or more
• 21 million internally dispaced persons
• 2.1 million new internally dispaced persons

• developed nations- open to refugees
  • ex: Germany (highest number of refugees)
• developing nations- proximity to conflict
  • ex: Pakistan (Afghanistan)
  • ex: Tanzania (DR Congo)
  • ex: Guinea (highest number of refugees per 1000 inhabitants)

• deported 120,000 Myanmarese
• those deported informally were not screened
  • pro-democracy activists
  • labor rights organizers
  • members of persecuted ethnic minorities

• expelled 15,000 undocumented Columbians
  • half may be asylum seekeers
• nation lacks asylum system sufficient to handle more than 182,000 refugees in the country

• returned 7800 N. Korean refugees
• denied UNHCR access to 100,000 N. Koreans
• N Korea punishes illegal departure with several months of forced labor in prison camps

• police blocked entry to UNHCR office in Kuala Lumpar and arested 300 Acehnese asylum seekers from Indonesia, causing UNHCR to close office
• police raided Acehnese camp near Limau Manis and arrested 300 more
• authorities returned 600 refugees forcibly this year

• new government military offensive caused 230,000 to become newly displaced
• Panama forciply repatriated more than 100 Columbian refugees

• despite insecurity, 613,000 refugees returned from Iran and Pakistan

• rapid assessment and information systems
• communications and social environment
• shelter and physical environment
• water and sanitation
• food rations, distribution, nutritional rehab

• competition among parties
• diversion to or coercion by parties
• baiting populations for targeting by parties

• common conceptualization
• preparation/preparedness (national level)
  • human
  • material
• coordination (need preparedness and conceptualization for this to happen)
• protection
  • vulnerable populations
  • humanitarian workers

• the nations with the greatest share of underweight children are in MIDDLE INCOME nations
  • ex: China
  • ex: India
• CNN likes to focus on the porrest nations

• food aid goes up specifically in emergencies, but has leveled out over time
• HIV/AIDS funding has skyrocketed