Term
| Trends of overweight women by income status |
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Definition
- increases up to upper middle class
- decrease at high income class
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Term
| Different causes, risk factors, and consequent risk factors of chronic disease |
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Definition
- underlying causes
- socioeconomic
- cultural
- political
- environmental
- ex: urbanizations, poverty, globalization, aging, populations
- risk factors
- unhealthy diet
- inactivity
- tobacco
- processed food
- ex: age, heredity, cholesterol
- consequent risk factors
- blood pressure
- blood glucose
- blood lipids
- ex: overweight, obesity
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Term
| preventing and managing chronic disease |
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Definition
- health promotion
- specific prevention
- diet, smoking, exercise
- environmental and occupational exposures
- ex: sexual health
- retooling health service programs
- health impact of non health policy
- food safety
- agriculture, trade
- urban planning
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Term
| characteristics of chronic disease |
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Definition
- take time to become fully established
- have origins at young ages
- require long, systematic and often expensive approaches to treatment
- require inegration with responses to acute, infectious diseases
- many opportunities for prevention
- they are leading cause of death in all regions except sub-saharan africa
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Term
| Key risk factors to chronic disease |
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Definition
- diet
- exercise
- tobacco use
- alcohol abuse
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Term
| relation to economic growth with chronic and infectious diseases |
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Definition
- normally as economic growth happens, chronic disease increases while infectious diseases decreases
- however, you can have co-existance of problems of both types of diseases
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Term
| How can ID and chronic diseases overlap |
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Definition
- infectious diseases can cause cancer
- tobacco use increases death rates from TB
- poor people, in rapidly growing cities, are at risk regardless of their country
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Term
| components for rise in chronic disease |
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Definition
- demographic transition
- epidemiologic transition
- nutrition transition
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Term
| demographic transition (definition, stages) |
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Definition
- initial and abrupt acceleration of population growth is replaced by rapid deceleration with subsequent stabilization of population and a sharp change in age structure
- stages
- stage one- high fertility/mortality
- stage two- reduced mortality/changing age structure infectious disease control
- better public health
- fewer food shortabes
- increase disease understanding
- female literacy
- stage 3 and 4- slowing and reduced fertility (with emphasis on family planing)
- increase urbanization: raised cost dependent children with decrease living spaces
- increase female employment
- improved contraceptive technology
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Term
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Definition
- age of pestilence and famine- high mortality rates with lil population growth and life expectancy
- age of receding pandemics- less frequent epidemics and infectious diseases
- age of man made degenerative diseases
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Term
| reasons for epidemiologic transition |
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Definition
- outcomes of demographic transition
- improvements in public health strategies
- improvements in disease control for infectious diseases
- increased urbanization
- sedentary lifestyle
- change in dietary patterns
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Term
| definition: nutrition transition |
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Definition
- increase diet high in total fat, cholesterol, sugar, and other refined carbs
- decrease in diet rich in polyunsat. FA's and fiber
- increase sedentary lifestyles
- increased prevalence of obesity and chronic diseases
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